Tonsillitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is tonsillitis?

A

inflammation of the tonsils in the throat.

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2
Q

What are the two types of tonsillitis?

A
  1. Acute
  2. Chronic
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3
Q

What is the incidence rate of acute tonsillitis?

A

A general practitioner (GP) typically sees around 120 people in a 2,000-patient population with an acute sore throat every year.

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4
Q

What is the incidence rate of chronic tonsillitis?

A

chronic tonsillitis generally has an incidence of 100 per 1,000-patient population in the UK

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5
Q

What age demographic has the highest incidence rate?

A

children and young adults, aged 5 to 24 years old, have the highest incidence, representing 50% of total cases

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6
Q

What is the ring-shaped lymphoid tissue on the oropharynx?

A

Waldeyer’s ring

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7
Q

How many groups of tonsils are there in the waldeyer’s ring?

A

4

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8
Q

What are the 4 main groups of tonsils called?

A
  1. Adenoid
  2. Tubal
  3. Palatine
  4. Lingual
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9
Q

What are the 3 types of infection that can cause tonsillitis?

A
  1. Viral
  2. Bacterial
  3. Non-infectious
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10
Q

What are the most common viral causes of tonsillitis?

A
  1. Rhinovirus (most common)
  2. Coronavirus
  3. Parainfluenza
  4. Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)
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11
Q

What are the most common bacterial causes of tonsillitis?

A
  1. Group A beta-haemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS; most common)
  2. Haemophilus influenzae
  3. Moraxella catarrhalis
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12
Q

What are some non-infectious causes of tonsillitis?

A
  1. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
  2. irritation (e.g. from nasogastric tubes
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13
Q

What are the typical symptoms of tonsillitis?

A
  1. Sore throat
  2. Cough
  3. Coryzal prodrome
  4. Dysphonia
  5. Pyrexia
  6. Pain and malaise
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14
Q

What are 2 less common symptoms of tonsillitis?

A
  1. Dysphagia
  2. Halitosis
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15
Q

Upon examination, what are the typical clinical findings of tonsillitis?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Swollen erythematous palatine tonsils
  3. Cervical lymphadenopathy
  4. Tonsils covered with exudate
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16
Q

What is a less common finding of tonsillitis?

A

Peritonsillar abscess (usually a complication of acute tonsillitis)

17
Q

What is a Peritonsillar abscess?

A

unilateral bulge above tonsils, accompanied by symptoms such as a sore throat, dysphagia, trismus and a classical hot potato voice.

18
Q

What are the 3 differential diagnosis’ for tonsillitis?

A
  1. Epiglottis
  2. Infection mononucleosis (glandular fever) due to Epstein Barr Virus
  3. Squamous cell carcinoma
19
Q

What are 4 features differentiating epiglottitis from tonsillitis?

A

Acute and severe onset
Muffled voice
Drooling
Stridor

20
Q

What are 4 features differentiating glandular fever from tonsillitis?

A

Pharyngitis of longer duration
Splenomegaly
FBC – raised WBC count with lymphocytosis
Positive Monospot test (in patients > 4 years old)

21
Q

What are 3 features differentiating squamous cell carcinoma from tonsillitis?

A

Unilateral tonsillar enlargement
Dysphonia
Ulcers

22
Q
A