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Biology > Topic 1 – Lifestyle, Health & Risk > Flashcards

Topic 1 – Lifestyle, Health & Risk Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define Accuracy

A

How close the data is to the correct or accepted value.

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2
Q

Causation

A

A relationship between two values or pieces of data where one influences the
other.

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3
Q

Correlation

A

An observed relationship between two completely separate values or pieces of
data.

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4
Q

Precision

A

How close the repeated values of an experiment are to each other

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5
Q

Qualitative data

A

Data in the form of non-numerical qualities and characteristics

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6
Q

Quantitative data

A

Data in the form of measurable numbers and statistics.

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7
Q

Reliability

A

The ability to get consistent and repeatable results

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8
Q

Validity

A

How well the data measures what it is supposed to

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9
Q

Amylopectin

A

A branched polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by
α-1,6 glycosidic bonds that makes up starch along with amylose

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10
Q

Amylose

A

An unbranched polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by
α-1,4 glycosidic bonds that makes up starch along with amylopectin

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11
Q

Body mass index (BMI)

A

A method of measuring a person’s weight with respect
to their height to calculate whether they are of a healthy weight or not

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12
Q

Condensation reaction

A

A type of reaction that joins two molecules together with the
formation of a chemical bond involving the elimination of a molecule of water

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13
Q

Disaccharide

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides.

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14
Q

Ester bond

A

A type of bond formed by a condensation reaction which joins each of the fatty
acid tails to the glycerol molecule in a triglyceride.

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15
Q

Glycogen

A

A highly branched polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used
as the main storage of energy in humans and animals

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16
Q

Glycosidic bond

A

A bond between two monosaccharides formed in a condensation reaction.

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17
Q

High-density lipoproteins (HDL)

A

A dense molecule made of proteins and lipids
that is used to remove cholesterol from tissues and transport it to the liver for
excretion.

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18
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Breaking a chemical bond between two molecules involving the use of a water
molecule.

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19
Q

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)

A

A lower density molecule made of proteins and
lipids that is used to transport cholesterol around the body to different tissues
which can cause cholesterol buildup in blood vessels.

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20
Q

Monosaccharide

A

The individual sugar monomers from which larger carbohydrates are
made.

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21
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides

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22
Q

Saturated fatty acid

A

A type of fatty acid molecule containing only single bonds
between the carbon atoms

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23
Q

Starch

A

A polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage
of energy in plants

24
Q

Triglyceride

A

A type of lipid formed from a molecule of glycerol joined by ester
bonds to three fatty acid molecules

25
Q

Unsaturated fatty acid

A

A type of fatty acid molecule containing at least one
double bond in the carbon chain

26
Q

Waist-to-hip ratio

A

A comparison of the size of a person’s waist to their
circumference of their hips which can be used to determine a person’s health risk

27
Q

Anticoagulants

A

A class of drug used to stop blood from forming clots and used as a
treatment for CVD

28
Q

Antihypertensives

A

A class of drug that is used as a treatment for high blood pressure
(hypertension)

29
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A disease caused by a buildup of fatty deposits within arteries which
narrows them and can restrict blood flow

30
Q

Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

A

A term used to describe a group of diseases related to the
heart and blood vessels

31
Q

Coagulation

A

The process of blood turning into a gel and forming a clot, often in response to
a broken blood vessel to prevent blood loss

32
Q

Risk factor

A

A factor that increases the likelihood of a person developing a disease

33
Q

Statins

A

A class of drug that is used to lower cholesterol levels in the blood

34
Q

Dipole

A

A molecule which has an unequal distribution of electrons which causes atoms in the
molecule to have partial charges

35
Q

Mass transport

A

The bulk transport of substances to all parts of an organism using mass
flow

36
Q

Solvent

A

A substance which solutes can dissolve in to form a solution

37
Q

Aorta

A

The main artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart at high pressure

38
Q

Arteriole

A

A smaller type of blood vessel that connects arteries with capillaries.

39
Q

Artery

A

A type of blood vessel that carries blood at high pressure away from the heart

40
Q

Atrial systole

A

The phase in the cardiac cycle following diastole where the atria contract and
force the blood into the ventricles

41
Q

Atrium

A

A type of chamber in the heart which receives blood directly from a vein and passes
it on to a ventricle

42
Q

Capillary

A

A very small blood vessel with thin walls and a small diameter used for substance
exchange in tissues

43
Q

Cardiac diastole

A

The phase in the cardiac cycle following ventricular systole where the atria
and ventricles are both relaxed and blood flows into the atria.

44
Q

Coronary artery

A

The main artery that supplies the heart tissue with blood

45
Q

Left atrium

A

The chamber in the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary
vein and passes it on to the left ventricle.

46
Q

Left ventricle

A

The chamber in the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium
and pumps it out of the heart to the rest of the body

47
Q

Pulmonary artery:

A

The main artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the
lungs for reoxygenation.

48
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

The main vein that carries oxygenated blood away from the lungs and
back to the heart.

49
Q

Right atrium

A

The chamber in the heart that receives deoxygenated blood directly from the
vena cava and passes it on to the right ventricle

50
Q

Right ventricle

A

: The chamber in the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the right
atrium and pumps it out of the heart to the lungs for reoxygenation

51
Q

Vein

A

: A type of blood vessel that carries blood at lower pressure into the heart from other
parts of the body.

52
Q

Vena cava

A

The main vein that carries deoxygenated blood into the right atrium of the heart

53
Q

Ventricle

A

A type of chamber in the heart which receives blood from the atrium above it and
pumps it out of the heart

54
Q

Ventricular systole

A

The phase in the cardiac cycle following atrial systole where the
ventricles contract and force the blood out of the heart and around the body

55
Q

Venule

A

A smaller type of blood vessel that connects capillaries with veins

Biology (10 decks)

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