Tectonic Processes and Hazards Fact Attack Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Seismic hazards are generated within what distance of the Earth’s surface?

A

700km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What % of earthquakes are found along plate boundaries?

A

95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What % of all earthquakes are found on the ‘Pacific Ring of Fire’?

A

70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many active volcanoes are their globally?

A

1900

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

On average, how many volcanoes erupt each year?

A

50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Volcanoes which form away from plate boundaries are called what?

A

Hot spots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which theory is now less accepted as being responsible for plate movement?

A

Mantle Convection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Roughly how many years does the Earth’s magnetic field change direction?

A

400,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Harry Hess came up with the hypothesis of what?

A

Seafloor spreading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the temperature of Earth’s inner core?

A

6000°c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mid-ocean ridges extend for over how many kilometres across the world’s ocean floors?

A

60,000 km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many different types of seismic waves are there?

A

3 (Primary, Secondary and Love)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The Loma Prieta earthquake occurred in which year?

A

1989

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was the time and date of the Loma Prieta earthquake?

A

17:04 on the 17th October

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The cities (Loma Prieta’s) Marina District, which suffered the worst of the damage was built on what kind of soil?

A

Soft, sandy soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What was the death toll of the Loma Prieta earthquake?

A

67

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was the magnitude of the Christchurch aftershock in 2011?

A

6.3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

According to the U.S Geological Survey, what is the chance (5) of another ‘serious’ earthquake striking San Franciso in the next 30 years?

A

67%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What was the year of the Eyjafjallajökull earthquake in Iceland?

A

2010

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many commercial flights were cancelled during the Eyjafjallajökull earthquake worldwide?

A

100,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was the daily loss of revenue for Kenyan businesses because of not being able to fly fresh veg and flowers to Europe as a result of the Eyjafjallajökull earthquake?

A

US$1.3 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many people worldwide are at risk from hazards caused by volcanoes?

A

500 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What temperature can lava flows reach?

A

1170°c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What temperature can pyroclastic flows reach?

A

700°c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What speed can pyroclastic flows reach?

A

100 km per hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

On what date did the Soufriere Hills Volcano erupt on the island of Montserrat?

A

18th July 1995

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many people moved to other countries as a result of the Montserrat volcanic eruption?

A

7000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What speed can tsunamis reach?

A

805 km per hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The Indian Ocean Tsunami occurred in what year?

A

2004

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The floor of the Indian Ocean was thrusted what distance during the Indian Ocean earthquake?

A

15 metres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How high was the tsunami wave that struck Banda Ache during the Indian Ocean earthquake?

A

17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How many people died during the Indian Ocean earthquake?

A

300,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In Thailand, how much money did the tourist industry lose per month, because of the Indian Ocean Tsunami?

A

US$25 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

In Sri Lanka, what % of the fishing fleet and industrial infrastructure was lost because of the Indian Ocean Tsunami?

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

As a result of the Indian Ocean Tsunami, most vegetation and topsoil were removed over what distance inland?

A

800 metres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

On what date was the earthquake in Haiti?

A

12th January 2010

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What was the magnitude of the earthquake in Haiti?

A

7

29
Q

What was the official death toll of the earthquake in Haiti?

A

230,000

29
Q

What was the depth of the earthquake in Haiti?

A

13km

29
Q

The epicentre of the earthquake in Haiti was how many km from the capital Port-au-Prince?

A

24km

30
Q

What is the population of Port-au-Prince in 2010?

A

2 million

31
Q

What % of government officials were killed in the earthquake in Haiti?

A

25%

31
Q

What disease spread in October 2010 as a result of the earthquake in Haiti?

A

Cholera

32
Q

By 2015, what was the death toll as a result of the disease outbreak in Haiti?

A

9,000

32
Q

Internationally, how much international aid had been donated to Haiti?

A

US$13 billion

33
Q

By 2015, how many people in Haiti were still living in temporary accommodation?

A

80,000

34
Q

What was the date of the earthquake in China?

A

12th May 2008

34
Q

What was the magnitude of the earthquake in China?

A

7.9

35
Q

Overall, how many people in China were affected by the earthquake?

A

45.5 million

36
Q

How many children were killed during the earthquake in China as a result of the collapse of school buildings?

A

5335

37
Q

Within hours of the earthquake in China, how many soldiers and relief workers had been sent to the affected areas?

A

130,000

38
Q

Temporary homes, roads and bridges had been built within how many weeks of the earthquake in China?

A

2

39
Q

What led to the failure of strict building codes in China being enforced?

A

Corruption

40
Q

How much money did the Chinese government pledge for rebuilding after the earthquake?

A

US$10 billion

41
Q

On what date was the earthquake in Japan?

A

11th March 2011

42
Q

What was the magnitude of the earthquake in Japan?

A

9

42
Q

What was the official death toll of the earthquake and tsunami in Japan?

A

15,893

43
Q

What was height reached by the tsunami in Japan?

A

10 metres

44
Q

How many people were forced to evacuate in Japan, as a result of the damage to the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant?

A

47,000

45
Q

What % of buildings in Japan were earthquake proof in 2011?

A

75%

46
Q

What was built in Japan to reduce the vulnerability to tsunamis?

A

10 metres high walls

47
Q

Within 24 hours in Japan, how many defence troops had been mobilised?

A

110,000

48
Q

The Bank of Japan offered how much money to other Japanese banks to keep them operating?

A

US$183 billion

49
Q

From how many countries did Japan accept help from after the earthquake?

A

20

50
Q

In 1960, what was the global population?

A

Less than 3 billion

51
Q

In 2016, what was the global population?

A

7.3 billion

52
Q

In the 1990’s, what was the average economic cost of natural disasters each year?

A

US$20 billion

53
Q

Between 2000-2010, what had the average economic cost of natural disasters risen to?

A

US$100 billion

54
Q

A report in 2015 found that out of the most 10 at risk cities in the world, how many were there in the Philippines?

A

8

54
Q

In most years, how many typhoons is the Philippines affected by?

A

15

55
Q

How many volcanoes does the Philippines have?

A

47

56
Q

What % of the population in the Philippines live within 30km of a volcano?

A

30%

57
Q

The Philippines consist of how many islands?

A

7107

58
Q

What was the population of the Philippines in 2015?

A

101 million

59
Q

What % of the population in the Philippines live in poverty?

A

25

59
Q

In 2013, the Philippines was struck by 3 disasters, what were they?

A

Earthquake, Typhoon Haiyan and then flooding

60
Q

Overall, the three disasters that affected the Philippines in 2013 killed how many people?

A

6488

61
Q

What was magnitude of the earthquake that struck Nepal in April 2015?

A

7.8

62
Q

The epicentre of the earthquake that struck Nepal was how many km from the capital, Kathmandu?

A

80km

63
Q

What was the death toll of the earthquake that struck Nepal in April 2015?

A

8633

64
Q

In 2016, where did Nepal rank out of 229 countries for GDP per capita?

A

197th

65
Q

How many aftershocks occurred after the initial earthquake in Nepal?

A

100

66
Q

What was the estimated economic loss as a result of the earthquake in Nepal?

A

US$5 billion

66
Q

What was the estimated amount needed for rebuilding work in Nepal as a result of the 2015 earthquake?

A

US$6.6 billion

66
Q

Land-use zoning is used around which volcano in New Zealand?

A

Mount Taranaki

67
Q

The diversion of lava flows was successful in for which volcanic eruption in 1983?

A

Mount Etna, Italy

68
Q

In Pakistan, what materials are used to make buildings able to withstand earthquakes?

A

Bales of straw and strong plastic netting

69
Q

In Nepal, why did volunteers travel to remote locations on bicycles in 2015?

A

To collect data using GPS trackers

70
Q

How many times a year do children in Japan practise earthquake drills?

A

4

71
Q

In response to the earthquake in Pakistan in 2015, NGO’s provided how many tents?

A

500,000

71
Q

In 2011, what were the worldwide losses from earthquakes?

A

US$54 billion