Tectonic Processes and Hazards Fact Attack Flashcards
Seismic hazards are generated within what distance of the Earth’s surface?
700km
What % of earthquakes are found along plate boundaries?
95%
What % of all earthquakes are found on the ‘Pacific Ring of Fire’?
70%
How many active volcanoes are their globally?
1900
On average, how many volcanoes erupt each year?
50
Volcanoes which form away from plate boundaries are called what?
Hot spots
Which theory is now less accepted as being responsible for plate movement?
Mantle Convection
Roughly how many years does the Earth’s magnetic field change direction?
400,000
Harry Hess came up with the hypothesis of what?
Seafloor spreading
What is the temperature of Earth’s inner core?
6000°c
Mid-ocean ridges extend for over how many kilometres across the world’s ocean floors?
60,000 km
How many different types of seismic waves are there?
3 (Primary, Secondary and Love)
The Loma Prieta earthquake occurred in which year?
1989
What was the time and date of the Loma Prieta earthquake?
17:04 on the 17th October
The cities (Loma Prieta’s) Marina District, which suffered the worst of the damage was built on what kind of soil?
Soft, sandy soil
What was the death toll of the Loma Prieta earthquake?
67
What was the magnitude of the Christchurch aftershock in 2011?
6.3
According to the U.S Geological Survey, what is the chance (5) of another ‘serious’ earthquake striking San Franciso in the next 30 years?
67%
What was the year of the Eyjafjallajökull earthquake in Iceland?
2010
How many commercial flights were cancelled during the Eyjafjallajökull earthquake worldwide?
100,000
What was the daily loss of revenue for Kenyan businesses because of not being able to fly fresh veg and flowers to Europe as a result of the Eyjafjallajökull earthquake?
US$1.3 million
How many people worldwide are at risk from hazards caused by volcanoes?
500 million
What temperature can lava flows reach?
1170°c
What temperature can pyroclastic flows reach?
700°c
What speed can pyroclastic flows reach?
100 km per hour
On what date did the Soufriere Hills Volcano erupt on the island of Montserrat?
18th July 1995
How many people moved to other countries as a result of the Montserrat volcanic eruption?
7000
What speed can tsunamis reach?
805 km per hour
The Indian Ocean Tsunami occurred in what year?
2004
The floor of the Indian Ocean was thrusted what distance during the Indian Ocean earthquake?
15 metres
How high was the tsunami wave that struck Banda Ache during the Indian Ocean earthquake?
17
How many people died during the Indian Ocean earthquake?
300,000
In Thailand, how much money did the tourist industry lose per month, because of the Indian Ocean Tsunami?
US$25 million
In Sri Lanka, what % of the fishing fleet and industrial infrastructure was lost because of the Indian Ocean Tsunami?
60%
As a result of the Indian Ocean Tsunami, most vegetation and topsoil were removed over what distance inland?
800 metres
On what date was the earthquake in Haiti?
12th January 2010