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A-LEVEL BIOLOGY > 2.1.1 Eukaryotic Cell Structure > Flashcards

2.1.1 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Phrase to describe permeability of the cell membrane

A

Partially permeable

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2
Q

Describe the apperance of the nucleus

A
  • Strands of linear DNA wrapped around histones (chromosomes)
  • Surrounded by a double membrane
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3
Q

Role of nucleus

A

Stores DNA, which codes for proteins and functional RNA’s

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4
Q

What organelle contains a nucleolus, and what is it’s function and role

A
  • Nucleus
  • Dense reigon of DNA and protein
  • Synthesises ribosomes
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5
Q

Describe the apperance of the mitochondria

A
  • Rod-shaped
  • Outer-membrane
  • Inner membrane folded into cristae
  • Contains a fluid matrix
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6
Q

Does the nucleus have a double or single membrane

A

Double

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7
Q

Does the mitochondria have a double or single membrane

A

Double

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8
Q

Role of the mitochondria

A
  • Site of aerobic respiration
  • Releasing ATP
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9
Q

What does the fluid matrix of the mitochondria contain

A
  • Enzymes
  • 70s ribosomes
  • Circular DNA
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10
Q

Draw and label a mitochondria

A
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11
Q

Describe the apperance of chloroplasts

A
  • Disc-shaped
  • Double membrane surrounding a **fluid stroma **
  • Contains stacks of thylakoids which hold chlrophyll
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12
Q

What does the fluid stroma of a chloroplast contain

A
  • Enzymes
  • 70s ribosomes
  • Circular DNA
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13
Q

Does the chloroplast have a double or single membrane

A

Double

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14
Q

Describe the function of chloroplasts

A
  • Chlorophyll absorb light energy
  • Site of photosynthesis
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15
Q

Draw and label a chloroplast

A
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16
Q

Describe the apperance of the cell wall in plants

A

Cross-linked cellulose fibres

17
Q

Desribe the functions of the cell wall

A
  • Middle lamellae betwen cells attach adjacent cells together
  • Prevents cells bursting due to osmotic pressure
  • Allow water to pass through
18
Q

What is the cell wall made of in fungi

A

Chitin

19
Q

What is the cell wall made of in algae

A

Cellulose and glycoproteins

20
Q

Role of Golgi Apparatus (and Golgi Vesicles)

A
  • Modifies proteins and lipids by combining them with other proteins, lipids or carbohydrates
  • Packages molecules into vesicles for transport
  • Vesicles transport molecules for release from the cell
21
Q

Draw a Golgi Apparatus

A
22
Q

Does the Golgi Apparatus have a double or single membrane

A

Single

23
Q

Describe the apperance of a lysosome

A
  • Single membrane spheres
  • Contianing hydrolytic enzymes
24
Q

Describe role of lysosomes

A

Digest pathogens and damaged organelles

25
Q

Does the lysosome have a double or single membrane

A

Single

26
Q

Draw a lysosome

A
27
Q

Composition of ribosome

A

Large and small subunit

28
Q

Function of ribosome

A

Site of protein synthesis

29
Q

Where are ribosomes found

A

In the cytoplasm, or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

30
Q

What are ribosomes made of

A

Protein and rRNA

31
Q

Function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Site of protein synthesis (as ribosomes on outer surface)

32
Q

Role of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids

33
Q

Describe the apperance of the cell vacuole

A

Fluid-filled sac surrounded by a single-membrane

34
Q

Role of cell vacuole

A
  • Temporary food store
  • Help maintain turgor pressure
35
Q

Does the cell vacuole have a double or single membrane

A

Single

36
Q

In what ways can a cell specialise

A
  • Changes in shape
  • Membranes fold to increase surface area
  • Increase number of specific organelles that link to it’s function
37
Q

Define tissue

A

Group of cells that work together to perform a specific function

38
Q

Define organ

A

Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function

39
Q

Define organ system

A

Group of organs that work together to perfom a specific function

A-LEVEL BIOLOGY (25 decks)

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