Unit 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Louis XV

A

Louis XV was the king of France who caused a decline in royal authority and an increase in national debt

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2
Q

Louis XVI

A

Louis XVI was the king of France during the French Revolution. He never took initiative of hie country and never helped the people. He got beheaded.

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3
Q

Queen Marie Antoinette

A

Marie was married to Louis XVI. She would often throw lavish parties with lots of food while people in her country were starving.

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4
Q

Seven Years War (1756-1763)

A

The Seven Year’s War was a conflict between France and Great Britain over North American land. France lost and this worsened the national debt they were already in.

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5
Q

“Old Regime” of France

A

The “Old Regime” consisted of the three estates. The first estate was the smallest and consisted only the wealthiest people, clergy. The second estate was slightly bigger and consisted of the nobles. The third estate was everyone else, almost 97% of population and they got almost no say.

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6
Q

Bourgeois

A

The Bourgeois were the the middle class French people. Typically wealthy and self obsessed.

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7
Q

Assembly of the Notables

A

The Assembly of the Notables was when Louis XVI asked a group of high ranking nobles what he should do. His only idea was to raise the taxes on them and they said no.

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8
Q

Bread Shortages

A

The bread and grain shortages in France were one of the causes of the revolution. The lower class people were starving and their leaders were dozing nothing about it.

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9
Q

The Estates General

A

The Estates General gave one vote to each of the three Estates. Which meant that even though the third estate was the biggest they always got out voted.

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10
Q

The National Assembly (1789)

A

The National Assembly confiscated church property and abolished religious orders.

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11
Q

Tennis Court Oath (1789)

A

The Tennis Court Oath was when the third estate marched out of the meeting with the other two estates and went to a nearby tennis court. To show that they could take some power. The took an oath to not leave the tennis court until they had drafted a new constitution.

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12
Q

Abbe Sieyes

A

Abbe Sieyes wrote “What is the Third Estate” in 1789

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13
Q

“What is the Third Estate”

A

This was a pamphlet written by Abbe Sieyes that said, the third estate is everything, the third estate gets nothing, and all they want is something (a seat at the table, equal voting).

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14
Q

What was the Bastille, what did it symbolize, and what did Storming of Bastille (1789) mean?

A

The Bastille was a French state prison. It symbolized royal despotism, the symbol of the kings of France running beyond the just limits of their own power. The people of France stormed the Bastille looking for gunpowder. The people were acting and arming themselves. This was the true start to the Revolution.

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15
Q

What was the true start of the French Revolution?

A

The Storming of the Bastille

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16
Q

Who were the San-Culottes?

A

The San-Culottes were a group of radical, poor people who stormed the bastille.

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17
Q

The Great Fear (1789)

A

The Great Fear was an uprising against noble lords by the peasants. The peasant were done being treated poorly.

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18
Q

What two causes led to the Great Fear?

A

The two causes that led to the Great Fear were the Storming of Bastille and the rumors of peasants being killed.

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19
Q

Women’s March on Versailles (1789)

A

The Women’s March on Versailles was tons of Parisian woman with pitchforks, swords, knifes and more stormed Versailles looking for the Queen. They were promised grain for the King but received nothing while the Queen had lavish parties with lots of breads and cakes.

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20
Q

What are Parisian women?

A

Poor women

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21
Q

What did the French people want when the women stormed Versailles?

A

They wanted the King and Queen to move to Paris so they could be controlled.

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22
Q

What was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1790)?

A

It was an attempt to reform the church in the early parts of the French Revolution.

23
Q

Who was Olyme de Gouges?

A

Olyme de Gouges was the writer of the “Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen”

24
Q

“Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen” (1791)

A

This stated that women, like their male counterparts, have natural, inalienable, and sacred rights.

25
Q

Constitution of 1791

A

This was the first written constitution of France and it turned the country into a constitutional monarchy.

26
Q

Who was Georges Danton?

A

Georges Danton was a French lawyer and a leading figure in the early French Revolution. He was the first president of the Committee of Public Safety.

27
Q

What was the Committee of Public Safety?

A

It was a a group charged with protecting the new republic against foreign and domestic enemies.

28
Q

Who were Jacobins? What was their goal?

A

Jacobins were a part of the Jacobin Club which was a revolutionary movement that was the most famous political club during the revolution. Their goal was to end the Reign of the king and bring about a new Republic.

29
Q

Who were Girondins? What was their goal?

A

The Girondins were a political group during the French Revolution that broadly supported the revolution. They wanted a constitution that established basic rights and democracy.

30
Q

Who were The Mountain?

A

They were a political group who’s members sat on the highest benches in the National Convention.

31
Q

Who was Jean-Paul Marat?

A

Jean-Paul Marat was a prominent figure in the French Revolution. He was a vigorous defender of the Sans-Culottes.

32
Q

Who was Maximilian Robespierre?

A

Robespierre was widely recognized as one of the most influential figures of the French Revolution. He was known for spearheading the Reign of Terror.

33
Q

Flight of the King/Flight to Varennes (1791)

A

This was when King Louis XVI tried to flee France but was caught and brought back.

34
Q

What happened to Louis XVI?

A

The Execution of the King (1793)

35
Q

What was the National Convention?

A

It was an assembly of the Kingdom of France that provided a new constitution for the country after the overthrow of the Monarchy.

36
Q

What was the Reign of Terror (1793-1794) ?

A

The Reign of Terror was led by Robespierre and it was a lot of executions of believed anti revolutionists.

37
Q

What was going on religiously?

A

De-christionization

38
Q

What ended the Reign of Terror?

A

The Execution of Robespierre (1794).

39
Q

What was The Directory?

A

The Directory was the governing five member committee in the French First Republic. Until they were overthrown by Napoleon.

40
Q

Who was Toussaint L’Ouverture?

A

He was a Haitian General and the most prominent leader of the Haitian Revolution. He led a successful slave revolt and emancipated the slaves in the French colony of Haiti.

41
Q

Haitian Revolution

A

This was a successful revolution against French colonial rule by self-liberated slaves in Haiti.

42
Q

What were the characteristics of Rococo Art?

A

Secular
Joy
Playful
Excitement
Sense of happiness

43
Q

What are examples of Rococo Art?

A

The Swing By: Jean-Honoré Fragonard

Dancing Milkmaids By: Francis Hayman

44
Q

What are the characteristics of Neoclassicism?

A

Simplicity
Harmony
Symmetry
Classics
Reason

45
Q

What are some examples of Neoclassicism Art?

A

Oath of the Horatii By: Jacques-Louis David

Tennis Court Oath By: Jacques-Louis David

46
Q

Who was an influential composer during Neoclassicism?

A

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

47
Q

Who was Daniel Defoe?

A

He was the author of the novel Robinson Crusoe. He was a versatile writer producing more than 300 works.

48
Q

Who was Jane Austen?

A

She was the author of Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice and Emma. He books talk about love and a women’s role in a home.

49
Q

What were the four main causes of the French Revolution?

A

Weak leadership
Enlightenment
Bread Shortages
Economic Crisis

50
Q

Who killed Marat?

A

Charlotte Corday

51
Q

What was the Brunswick Manifesto?

A

1.Louis will not be restored to power
2. Those who resist will be treated as rebels

52
Q

What was Robespierre’s token phrase?

A

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity or Death

53
Q

Who were the most influential Enlightenment thinkers and what were their pieces of work?

A

Rousseau - Social Contract
John Locke - Natural Rights
Montesquieu - Spirit of Laws