Left realist perspectivse Flashcards

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1
Q

Left realist criticisms of marxist theories on crime/deviance

A
  • romanticises WC criminals as ‘Robin Hood’ figures fighting inequality
  • failing to take victimisation seriously
  • having no practical policies suggested to reduce crime
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2
Q

Left realists found that WC were the most at risk to become victims from crime through

A

victim surveys like the Islington crime surveys

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3
Q

Left realists accept that most people don’t care about white collar and corporate crime because

A

they don’t consider it to impact their lives

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4
Q

Lea and Young’s concept of relative deprivation (1 of 3 of their key explanations for crime)

A

when people see themselves as being deprived in relation to others, generating discontent and resentment

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5
Q

Lea and Young’s theory of marginalisation (1 of their 3 explanations for crime)

A

some groups find themselves on the edge of mainstream society and feel excluded (lack of education, employment and sense of community) which can lead to anti-social behaviour, violence and rioting to express their frustration

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6
Q

Lea and Young’s third explanation for crime: subculture

A

working class deviant subcultures emerge as a group solution to relative deprivation and marginality, which can motivate crime by seeing deviance as acceptable

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7
Q

… argues that society is media saturated and the media raises people’s expectations of life

A

Young (late modernity/left realism)

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8
Q

Young’s concept of a ‘bulimic society’
late modernity/left realism

A

people gorge themselves on media images of expensive consumer lifestyles and then are forced by economic circumstances to vomit their raised expectations

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9
Q

… found the desire to consume by looting was a significant factor for many young people partaking in the 2011 London riots

A

Lewis et al

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10
Q

Young argues that relative deprivation is worsened by 3 features of late modernity

A
  1. growing individualism (less community spirit)
  2. the weakening of informal controls (like family)
  3. growing economic inequality and economic change (globalisation, growth of the wealth divide)
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11
Q

Lea and Young’s square of crime
it is necessary to examine these 4 elements to understand crime levels

A
  1. social structural factors and formal controls - influence context of the crime, whether its viewed as criminal, styles of policing etc
  2. public and informal social control - how people react, levels of public trust in police (reporting)
  3. the role of victims - why people are victims, what they do about it
  4. the offender - why did they do it, how driven were they by external forces
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12
Q

solutions to reduce crime

A
  • better jobs, housing and wages to reduce relative deprivation
  • having a more accountable criminal justice system
  • reducing marginalisation through increased access to opportunity
  • making crime control a shared responsibility between social institutions (eg school, social services etc)
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13
Q

… suggests that the police need to improve their relationship with the community to increase the flow of information (people don’t report crime when they don’t trust the police) - can do so by focusing on crime they know has happened rather than trying to discover crimes

A

Kinsey et al

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14
Q

… suggest that improved leisure facilities for the young, reducing income inequality, raising living standards for poorer families, reducing unemployment, improving housing and providing community facilities will help reduce crime

A

Young and Matthews

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15
Q

limitations of left realism

A
  • neglects other responses to relative deprivation and marginality apart from crime
  • neglects the role of gender (malestream criminology according to feminists)
  • doesn’t pay much attention to white collar crime
  • doesn’t explain why most WC youth don’t commit crime
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16
Q

strengths of left realism

A
  • draws on a range of theories eg marxist, labelling etc
  • doesn’t glamorize crime
  • recognises victims and offenders
  • sees importance of community solutions
17
Q

Lyng’s late modernist theory of edgework (1990)

A

People seek thrills (often through deviant behaviour) as an outlet for their frustration in their risk-filled, uncertain lives (typically marginalised youths)