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living env. > endocrine sys. > Flashcards

endocrine sys. Flashcards

1
Q

what is the endocrine sys.?

A

secrete hormones

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2
Q

where is the hypothalamus?

A

below the thalamus

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3
Q

what do the hypothalamus’ hormone-producing cells influence?

A

the pituitary gland

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4
Q

where is the pituitary gland located?

A

base of the brain

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5
Q

what do some of the hormones produced w/in the pituitary gland do?

A

they regulate activities of other endocrine glands.

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6
Q

what is the growth-stimulating hormone?

A

wide spread effects including long bone growth

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7
Q

what is the thyroid-stimulating hormone?

A

stimulates thyroxin release from thyroid

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8
Q

what is the follicle-stimulating hormone?

A

it stimulates development of follicles in ovaries and influences sperm production

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9
Q

where is the thyroid gland?

A

neck

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10
Q

what is the hormone of the thyroid gland?

A

thyroxin (contains iodine)

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11
Q

what is the function of the thyroid gland?

A

regulates metabolism in cells

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12
Q

what is the thyroid gland essential for?

A

normal physical and mental development

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13
Q

where is the parathyroid gland located?

A

back of thyroid gland

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14
Q

what is the hormone of the parathyroid gland?

A

parathormone

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15
Q

what is the function of the parathyroid gland?

A

controls of ca+ metabolism

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16
Q

what is the parathyroid gland essential for?

A

nerve function, blood clotting, and growth of teeth and bones

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17
Q

where are the adrenal glands located?

A

top of each kidney

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18
Q

what is the outer layer of the adrenal glands?

A

adrenal cortex (2 hormones/steroids)

19
Q

what are the 2 hormones of the adrenal cortex?

A

conversion of fats and proteins to glucose & reabsorption of sodium from kidney tubules

20
Q

what does hormone 2 of the adrenal cortex do?

A

blood pressure and water balance

21
Q

what is the inner layer of the adrenal glands?

A

adrenal medulla

22
Q

what is the hormone of the adrenal glands?

A

adrenaline “fight or flight”

23
Q

what is the function of the adrenal glands?

A

high blood glucose level, high heart rate, and high breathing rate

24
Q

where are the islets of langerhans?

A

pancrease

25
Q

what are the 2 hormones of the islets of langerhans?

A

insulin & glucagon

26
Q

what is the function of insulin?

A

promotes glucose absorption from blood ([low blood glucose])

27
Q

what is another function of insulin?

A

stimulates conversion of glucose into glycogen (liver and skeletal muscles)(storage)

28
Q

what is the function of glucagon?

A

promotes the liver and skeletal muscles to convert glycogen to free glucose ([high blood glucose])

29
Q

what are opposing effects of insulin & glucagon called?

A

homeostasis

30
Q

what are gonads?

A

men and women

31
Q

what are the mens’ gonads?

A

testes

32
Q

what is the hormone of testes?

A

testosterone

33
Q

what is the function of the testes?

A

stimulates male reproductive organ development and secondary sex characteristics

34
Q

what do the testes produce?

A

sperm

35
Q

what are the womens’ gonads?

A

ovaries

36
Q

what are the hormones of ovaries?

A

estrogen & progesterone

37
Q

what is the function of ovaries?

A

same as the mens’ function

38
Q

what do ovaries produce?

A

egg cells

39
Q

what is progesterone?

A

it stimulates uterine walls to thicken in preparation for embryo implantation

40
Q

what is negative feedback?

A

it regulates hormone production and secretion

41
Q

what is the classic type of negative feedback?

A

pituitary TSH & thyroid thyroxin hormone

42
Q

what are the steps of the classic type of negative feedback?

A

1) low [thyroxin blood] = stimulates pituitary = TSH
2) TSH stimulates thyroid = secretes thyroxin
3) [thyroxin blood] levels = TSH secretion stops

43
Q

what is homeostasis in negative feedback?

A

regulation of thyroxin by TSH

living env. (18 decks)

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