chromosomes

Question 1

If the two alleles for a simple dominant–recessive trait are the same, the individual is said to be

Answer 1

homozygous

Question 2

A particular set of genetic combinations occurs when traits are controlled by genes on the sex chromosomes; such traits are called

Answer 2

sex-linked traits

Question 3

Because the X chromosome contains many more genes than the Y chromosome, males are much more likely than females to display

Answer 3

recessive phenotypes for sex-linked traits:

Question 4

Also, in the final stage of meiotic division, chance determines which half of the chromosome pairs will go into which sperm or ovum. (This process is called

Answer 4

independent assortment

Question 5

an alteration in the cell’s DNA that occurs and is therefore passed along to new cells through the process of cell division.

Answer 5

mutation

Question 6

influence of genetic forces,

Answer 6

nature

Question 7

those based in experience

Answer 7

nurture

Question 8

“nongene” DNA segments can act to regulate the activity of genes, turning them

Answer 8

off or on

Question 9

epigenetics (meaning “in addition to” or “on top of” genetics

Answer 9

that nongenetic factors influence how the genes behave, or express themselves

Question 10

epigenetic modifications may be transmitted to the next generation via the mechanism of

Answer 10

genetic inheritance

Question 11

changes throughout the lifespan are heavily dependent on

Answer 11

genetic and environmental factors