ecological change Flashcards

1
Q

case study

A

Serengeti

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2
Q

serengeti statistics

A

30,000 km2 of tanzania and west kenya
15 000km is national park established in 1951to preserve wildlife and reduce environmental damage

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3
Q

people of the serengeti (social, political, economic)

A

maasai tribe
- indigenous subsistence farming

social:
keep livestock
subsist on produced meat and milk
nomadic - move around to allow regrowth

political:
rights over large areas of land as they’ve lived there for so long
zones of land between groups are used for negotiation

economic:
trade livestock for grain, vegtables, or livestock

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4
Q

how is the serengeti facing ecological change (3)

A

human pressures =

land use
poaching
invasive species

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5
Q

land use - ecological change

A

shanty towns
grazing pastures
tourist lodges
land converted to cash crop wheat fields removing natural vegitation and reduces biodiversity, increasing soil erosion and eutrophication

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6
Q

poaching - ecological change

A

killed by visitors (sports) and locals (food and trading)
1980s – black rhino = 2 left
legislation in 1989 ban on international trade of ivory decreased elephant poaching
however this just increased its value and encouraged illlegal poaching
100,000 wildebeest killed a year for bushmeat

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7
Q

invasive species - ecological change

A

Mexican poppy – accidental introduction – out compete native species making areas unsuitable for farming
1994: canine distemper virus from domestic dogs killed 1/2 lion population

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8
Q

how are locals responding to change in the serengeti

A

managed by tanzania national parks (TANPA)

wildlife management areas
tourism
conservation education
controlled burning

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9
Q

wildlife management areas - local response to change

A

community based approach
Ikona community - 450 km2 collection of five villages that work together to protect and sustain the savanna
successful on a local scale – reduced poaching within the borders

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10
Q

conservation education - local response to change

A

park supports conservation clubs in 74 local primary schools
involve locals means its more likely to help protect ecosystem by forming bonds between them and the wildlife

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11
Q

controlled burning - local response to change

A

periodically carried out to start controlled burnings
removes flammable organic matter build up on the top soil to reduce uncontrollable wildfires

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12
Q

threats to the serengeti

A

human population still increasing conflict between farmers and wildlife
– elephants raid crops makes them unpopular amongst farmers
refusal to stop hunting
poaching outside WMA areas means that grazers like zebras and wildebeest are still declining in population

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