class 9 hypertension, angina, MI Flashcards
what is stage 1 hypertension
130-139/80-89
what is stage 2 hypertension
> =140/>=90
what is hypertensive crisis
> 180/>120
what is primary or essential hypertension
hypertension resulting from an unknown cause
-gradual development
-most common
what is secondary hypertension
hypertension resulting from a known cause
-#1 cause is pregnancy
-once identified: tx and meds
what is isolated systolic hypertension (ISH)
when diastolic is normal but systolic is elevated
“white coat” hypertension
-needs to happen on many occasions to dx
nonmodifiable risk factors of HTN
-family history
-age
-gender
-ethnicity
modifiable risk factors of HTN
-diabetes
-dyslipidemia
-stress
-obesity
-high Na intake
-substance abuse
clinical manifestations of early stages hypertension
asymptomatic
clinical manifestations of hypertension
-headache
-fatigue
-dizziness
-palpitations
-flushing
-blurred vision
-epistaxis
patient assessment for HTN
-history and physical exam
-blood work/lab tests
-EKG
-Blood Pressure Monitoring (2 elevated readings)
Hypertension Management
-lifestyle modifications
-weight reduction
-sodium reduction
-dietary fat modification “DASH” diet
-decrease alcohol intake
-physical activity
-medication
medications are used to:
-reduce peripheral resistance
-decrease blood volume
-strengthen or increase the rate of contraction
types of medications used
-diuretics (K sparing/thiazide/loop)
-beta blockers
-ACE inhibitors (chronic cough)
-ARBs
-calcium channel blockers
-adrenergic blockers
-vasodilators
-may need cholesterol meds
consequences of hypertension
-left ventricular hypertrophy
-coronary artery disease
-angina
-MI
-heart failure
-CVA
-peripheral vascular disease
-retinopathy
-renal disease
nursing care for hypertension
-history and risk factors
-assess potential symptoms of target organ damage
-cardiovascular assessment
-medication education
potential symptoms of target organ damage
-angina
-SOB
-altered speech
-altered vision
-nosebleed
-headaches
-dizziness
-balance problems
-nocturia
what is hypertensive urgency
> 180/110
-no major organ damage
-BP must be lowered within a few hours
-stat dose of med ordered
what is hypertensive emergency
> 220/140
-management necessary to prevent/halt damage to target organs
-IV vasodilators & hooked up to monitor
what is athersclerosis
-abnormal accumulation of lipids in the arterial blood vessel walls
-blood flow is reduced
-leads to collateral circulation to prevent ischemic injury
what is angina
chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia
-ischemia=pain
what is angina associated with
-athersclerosis
-blockage of coronary artery
-coronary artery spasm
what is stable angina (chronic)
exacerbated by activity & resolved with rest
what is unstable angina
pain continually gets worse & is not relieved with rest or nitroglycerin
what is intractable or refractory angina
severe reoccuring chest pain