Mental Status of Elderly Flashcards

1
Q

What is mental status?

A

Encompasses mood and cognitive function

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2
Q

What are the 4 components of cognitive testing?

A

1) Orientation
2) Memory
3) Three- stage command
4) Judgement

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3
Q

What is delirium?

A

A syndrome characterized by a sudden impairment of cognitive function.

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4
Q

What is dementia?

A

A term that includes brain disorders in which there is gradual
irreversible decline in cognitive function.

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5
Q

What is Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Most common type of dementia.
It is characterized by the presence of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the cortex.

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6
Q

What is vascular dementia?

A

rapidly progressing dementia caused by small cerebral infarctions that result in localized or diffuse damage to the brain.

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7
Q

Risk factors associated with vascular dementia

A

smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, inactivity, and a history of stroke or cardiovascular disease.

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8
Q

​What is Frontotemporal dementia?

A

characterized by neuronal atrophy affecting the frontal lobes of the brain.

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9
Q

What skills are impaired with frontotemporal dementia?

A

Abstract thinking, speech and language skills

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10
Q

What is Lewbody dementia?

A

involves subcortical pathology and the presence of Lewy body substances in the cerebral cortex. Fluctuations in mental status are common.

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11
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease

A

an extremely rare dementia that is believed to originate from a slow virus.

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12
Q

Treatment for Depression

A

Antidepressant therapy
Electroconvulsant therapy (ECT)
Exercise
Psychosocial interventions

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13
Q

Electroconvulsant therapy (ECT):

A

This is used primarily for severe depressions, when antidepressant medications are ineffective. ECT is contraindicated for persons with serious cardiac disease and increased intracranial pressure.

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14
Q

Analgesics that may cause depression

A

codeine, indomethacin, meperidine, propoxphene

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15
Q

Antihypertensives and cardiovascular agents that may cause depression

A

clonidine, digitalis, hydralazine, methyldopa, reserpine

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16
Q

Antiparkinsonian agents that may cause depression

A

Levodopa

17
Q

Steroids that make cause depression

A

corticosteroids, estrogen

18
Q

Medications that may cause depression

A

barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cimetidine, fluphenazine, levothyroxine sodium, varenicline

19
Q
A