Migraine + Cluster Headaches Flashcards

1
Q

what is a new, severe, or acute headache most likely due to?

A

intracranial disorder

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2
Q

what is the likely pathophysiology of a migraine?

A

neuronal dysfunction that leads to vasodilation

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3
Q

euphoria, depression, irritability, food cravings, constipation, neck stiffness, and increased yawning associated with a migraine that occurs 24-48 hours prior to onset

A

prodrome

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4
Q

positive or negative symptoms associated with migraine that occur gradually and lasts 5-60 mins

A

aura

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5
Q

a patient is experiencing a pulsatile headache with unilateral distribution, N/V, photophobia, and phonophobia. Dx?

A

migraine

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6
Q

what is the diagnoses criteria for migraine? (5)

A

at least 5 attacks
lasts 4-72 hours
at least 2 attacks with aura
at least 2 (unilateral, pulsatile, mod-sev intensity, worse with activity)
at least 1 (N/V, photophobia/phonophobia)

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7
Q

what is the symptomatic treatment for migraines? (3)

A

acetaminophen/NSAIDs
triptan (subQ)
naproxen

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8
Q

what is the symptomatic treatment for a patient that has a migraine at presentation + N/V? (3)

A

SQ triptan
+
IV metoclopramide/prochlorperazine
+
IV diphenhydramine

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9
Q

what treatment can be added to reduce the risk of early headache recurrence?

A

IV/IM dexamethasone

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10
Q

how to prevent medication overuse of simple analgesics?

A

use less than 15 days/month

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11
Q

how to prevent medication overuse of combination analgesics?

A

use less than 10 days/month

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12
Q

when should preventative therapy be considered in patients with migraines? (3)

A

over 4 times/month
lasts longer than 12 hours
associated with disability

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13
Q

a patient presents with severe, unilateral, periorbital pain with horner syndrome. what’s the Dx?

A

cluster headache

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14
Q

how long do cluster headaches last?

A

15 mins - 3 hours daily for 4-8 weeks

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15
Q

what is the treatment for cluster headaches? (2)

A

100% oxygen
triptan SQ or intranasal spray

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16
Q

what is the preventative treatment for cluster headaches? (2)

A

verapamil
oral prednisone