Eating Disorders Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Normal Eating

A
  • going to the table hungry
  • overeating + undereating at times
  • giving some thought to nutrition but without missing out on enjoyable foods
  • giving yourself permission to eat sometimes depending on your mood (happy, sad or bored)
  • responding and respecting hunger + choosing foods the body is asking for
    -staying connected to tastebuds for enjoyment
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2
Q

Disordered Eating

A

Persistent Thoughts: preoccupation with calories and weight loss/control
Negative Emotions: guilt, shame + disgust attached to food.
Maladaptive Behaviours: consistently eating for reasons other than hunger or true cravings
Self-concept: believing one’s own identity and self-worth is based on size, weight and what one eats

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3
Q

Anorexia Nervosa (AN)

A

Fear of obesity/drive for thinness
Extreme dietary restriction/compensatory behaviours like purging/extreme exercise

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4
Q

Bulimia Nervosa (BN)

A

Fear of obesity/drive for thinness
Binge eating followed by purging

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5
Q

Binge Eating Disorder (BED)

A

Similar body image concerns to BN/AN
Using food to self-soothe; anxiety, stress, and weight concerns
Binge eating without compensatory behaviour - can lead to obesity

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6
Q

Morality Rate for Eating Disorders

A

7.6% highest of all mental disorders, 23% are suicide

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7
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa

A

A - Restriction of energy intake leading to low body weight: significantly low weight
B - Fear of gaining weight: intense fear of gaining weight or of becoming fat, or persistent behaviour that interferes with weight gain, even though at a significantly low weight
C - Weight or shape concerns: persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of the current low body weight

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8
Q

Significantly low weight

A

weight that is less than minimally
normal or, for children and adolescents, less than that minimally expected

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9
Q

Anorexia Nervosa Restricting Type

A

During the last 3 months, the individual has not engaged in recurrent episodes of binge eating or purging behaviour (i.e., self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas). Weight loss is accomplished primarily through dieting, fasting, and/or excessive exercise.

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10
Q

Anorexia Nervosa Binge-eating/Purging Type

A

During the last 3 months, the individual has engaged in recurrent episodes of binge eating or purging behaviour (i.e., self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas).

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11
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for Bulimia Nervosa

A

A - Binge Eating - recurrent episodes
B - Compensatory behaviour - purging, fasting, excessive exercise.
C - Frequency - A + B occur, on average, at least once a week for 3 months.
D - Influence of shape and weight - Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight.

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12
Q

Binge Eating

A

1) Eating, in a discrete period of time (e.g., within any 2-hour period), an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat during a similar period of time and under similar circumstances.

2) A sense of lack of control over eating during the episode (e.g., a feeling that one cannot stop eating or control what or how much one is eating).

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13
Q

Purging

A

an act of removing by cleansing; ridding of sediment or other undesired elements - self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives.

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14
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for Binge-Eating Disorder

A

A - Binge Eating.
B - Associated Symptoms -
The binge-eating episodes are associated with three (or more) of the following:
1) Eating much more rapidly than normal
2) Eating until feeling uncomfortably full.
3) Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry.
4) Eating alone because of feeling embarrassed by how much one is eating.
5) Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty afterward.
C - Distress.
D - Frequency - binge eating occurs, on average, at least once a week for 3 months.

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15
Q

Bulimia vs. Anorexia Body Image

A

A: Distorted perception of
self and the hazards of
extremely low weight

B: Self-image influenced
by body weight and
shape

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16
Q

Bulimia vs. Anorexia Personality Diatheses

A

A: Strict Control

B: Impulsivity

17
Q

Bulimia vs. Anorexia Common Comorbid
Mental Disorders

A

A: OCD; Substance abuse/impulsivity with
binge-purge type.

B: Anxiety, MDD, Borderline PD, Substance Use, Impulse Control

18
Q

Medical Complications of Anorexia

A
  • Significantly low
    weight
  • Amenorrhea - absence of menstruation
  • Dehydration and
    electrolyte imbalance
  • Bradycardia and
    arrhythmias - irregular heart rates
  • Postural hypotension - blood pressure drops when sitting up
  • Hypothermia - loses heat faster than it can produce heat
  • Dental problems
  • Osteopenia - weakening of bones
  • Delayed gastric emptying - stomach takes too long to empty
  • Irritability
  • Mortality
  • Suicide
19
Q

Medical Complications of Bulimia

A
  • Electrolyte imbalance
  • Hypokalemia (low
    blood potassium)
  • Gastrointestinal distress
  • Delayed gastric emptying
  • Menstrual irregularities
  • Postural hypotension - blood pressure drops when sitting up
  • Esophageal tears/ruptures
  • Arrhythmias - faster heart rates
  • Dental problems (perimylolysis)
  • Metabolic alkalosis (low
    potassium)
  • Parotid gland swelling
  • Weight fluctuations
  • Chronic renal failure (kidneys, uetherea)
20
Q

Psychical Symptoms of Eating Disorders

A
  • Sores around mouth: vomiting
  • Calluses/scars on knuckles: inducing vomiting
  • Lanugo hair: AN
  • Dry, flaky skin
  • Cold sensitivity
  • Constipation
  • Edema
  • Stress fractures – related to bone loss
21
Q

Behavioural Symptoms of Eating Disorders

A
  • Meal skipping
  • Eating then quickly going to the bathroom
  • Small portions
  • Only nonfat foods
  • “Vegetarianism”
  • Frequent weighing
  • Frequent dieting
  • Time/energy cooking for others
22
Q

Cognitive Symptoms of Eating Disorders

A

Core assumptions/schemas:
* Personal worth = appearance and
attractiveness
* Femininity = beauty
* Masculinity = muscular & “cut”
* Perfectionism
* I must be thin/fit; cannot allow self to be
overweight
Personalization
* Others focus on weight/appearance
* Overgeneralization
* Thin = control/self-discipline
* Dichotomous thinking
* Fat/thin = ugly/pretty = out of control/in control
* Superstitious thinking/misconceptions
* Food fats are dangerous
* Being thin/fit brings love & attention

23
Q

Cognitive distortion

A

overestimate actual size even when emaciated (abnormally thin)

24
Q

Sociocultural Factors of Thinness

A

Pressure to be thin + ideals in culture = body dissatisfaction = drive for thinness = dieting + negative affect.

25
Q

Binge-Purge Cycle

A

Drive for Thinness = binge = guilt = purge = anxiety reduction = gulit/depression = drive for thinness = binge …..

26
Q

Treatment for Eating Disorders

A

Level 1: Outpatient
Scheduled appointments with multi-disciplinary team: Medical provider, therapist, dietitian.

Level 2: Intensive Outpatient
2-3 days per week outpatient treatment
Individual, group, and nutrition therapy
Support meals

Level 3: Partial Hospital
Day program
5 days per week, 8 hours per day
Same techniques as Level 2 but more intensive

Level 4: Residential
Residential hospital
Long-term care: 24h a day treatment facility

Level 5: Hospital
In-patient Stay
Short-term crisis stabilization

27
Q

CBT for Eating Disorders

A

Nutrition interventions
* Meal planning
* Weekly goals
* Hydration
Psychoeducation
* Food pyramid
* Truth about purging
Distraction/alternative behaviours
Cognitive restructuring
Body image interventions
* No weighing or checking
* In vivo body exposure
In vivo food exposure
Exposure to response prevention
Relapse prevention

28
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

Discomfort cause by holding conflicting ideas simultaneously