ROOTS

Question 1

The Major Types of Root Systems

Answer 1

Fibrous root systems
tap root system

Question 2

is one in which the primary root remains the largest and a number of smaller secondary roots are formed from it.

Answer 2

tap root system

Question 3

are composed of large numbers of roots nearly equal in size

Answer 3

Fibrous root systems

Question 4

roots that develop from plant parts other than the radicle of seeds, develop from stems or leaves and are almost similar in sizes and growth patterns.

Answer 4

adventitious roots

Question 5

root system of a plant begins its development from the ______of the embryo in the seed.

Answer 5

radicle

Question 6

grows out of the seed after the seed has absorbed water. This is the primary root of the new plant.

Answer 6

radicle

Question 7

tip of the root is covered by a mass of loose cells called the

Answer 7

root cap

Question 8

towards the shoot is the _______ area of the root

Answer 8

meristematic area

Question 9

Epidermal outgrowths just above meristematic area are

Answer 9

root hairs

Question 10

The growing region of the root is

Answer 10

root apical meristem

Question 11

root tip consists of

Answer 11

root cap, the region of the apical meristem, the region of elongation and the region of maturation

Question 12

extreme tip is the __________, a zone of somewhat loosely arranged corky cells.

Answer 12

root cap

Question 13

behind the root cap. Its cells are more densely packed and arranged in orderly rows parallel to the long axis of the root. Many of these cells are almost square in outline. This is the region you examined during the exercise on mitosis.

Answer 13

region of the apical meristem

Question 14

root apical meristem will develop into primary tissues which are partly differentiated cells. These tissues are:

Answer 14

protoderm
procambium
ground meristem

Question 15

which will become the epidermis

Answer 15

protoderm

Question 16

which will become the vascular or conducting tissues

Answer 16

procambium

Question 17

which will become the cortex and pith

Answer 17

ground meristem

Question 18

is just behind the apical meristem. The cells have enlarged chiefly in length.

Answer 18

region of elongation

Question 19

Most of the elongation is due to

Answer 19

internal pressures built up by an increase of water within the large vacuoles that occupy most of the cell.

Question 20

contains enlarged cells that have now developed certain structural features and you can begin to see some differences among them

Answer 20

region of maturation

Question 21

region of maturation are organized into three tissue systems which are based on topography

Answer 21

vascular tissue system
dermal tissue system
fundamental or ground tissue system

Question 22

region of maturation tissue systems which is based on topography

usually appears as the darker central portion. Here you may be able to see some xylem (water conducting cells) that look like vertical rows of loose spirals (because of the spiral thickenings of the walls). You may also see the phloem (food conducting cells) although at this layer, the sieve tubes (which comprise the phloem) may not yet be distinguishable;

Answer 22

vascular tissue system

Question 23

water conducting cells

look like vertical rows of loose spirals (because of the spiral thickenings of the walls).

Answer 23

xylem

Question 24

food conducting cells

Answer 24

phloem

Question 25

region of maturation tissue systems which is based on topography

arise the epidermis, the layer of cells at the surface and from which root hairs arise. Sometimes in the process of making the slide, the root hairs are destroyed; and

Answer 25

dermal tissue system

Question 26

called cortex is the zone between the epidermis and the vascular cylinder

Answer 26

fundamental or ground tissue system

Question 27

outermost layer of cells

Answer 27

The inner core

Question 28

inner core of root

Answer 28

stele

Question 29

The wide zone between the epidermis and the stele

Answer 29

cortex

Question 30

this tissues in the root is usually uncutinized and permeable to water. They also develop into root hairs especially in the region of maturation.

Answer 30

epidermis

Question 31

are thin-walled and often contain starch grains

Answer 31

Cells of the cortex

Question 32

what are the cells that are loosely arranged in this region of the cortex. Water and dissolved solutes easily move between cortical cells in the intercellular spaces.

Answer 32

parenchyma tissue of the cortex

Question 33

innermost layer of the cortex

Answer 33

endodermis

Question 34

radial walls of the endodermal cells become impregnated with a “diffusion proof” waxy substance called

Answer 34

suberin

Question 35

layer of suberin forms the stripn called

Answer 35

Casparian strip

Question 36

The outermost layer of the stele is in contact with the endodermis and is called the

consists of thin-walled cells that are usually only one cell wide.

Answer 36

pericycle

Question 37

The pericycle gives rise to the

Answer 37

lateral roots

Question 38

tissues that occupy the center of the root. conduct water and minerals and food in the plant and are found throughout the plant body.

Answer 38

vascular tissues

Question 39

vascular tissues are of two types

Answer 39

xylem and phloem

Question 40

The innermost tissue which forms the star-shaped core of thick-walled empty cells is
consists of vessels (and tracheids in some plants) which are the main conducting cells and are sclerenchymatous in nature

Answer 40

xylem

Question 41

is a cylinder extending the length of the root

a mass of cells in the center of the root. In young dicot roots, the vascular tissue is comprised of 3, 4, or 5 ridges or “arms” reaching the pericycle.

Answer 41

xylem

Question 42

functions as a conductor of water and dissolved mineral nutrients. The vessels are joined end to end to form the xylem water tubes.

Answer 42

Xylem

Question 43

form semicircular clusters of cells between the ridges or “arms” of the xylem.

Answer 43

phloem

Question 44

form semicircular clusters of cells between the ridges or “arms” of the xylem.
are thin-walled, living cells and function in the translocation of organic compounds (food) manufactured by the leaves.
parenchymatous in nature

Answer 44

sieve tube elements and companion cells

Question 45

In monocot roots, the centermost portion is occupied by parenchyma cells and the tissue is called the

Answer 45

pith