Random helpful bits Flashcards
Sixth Nerve eye palsy - Muscle, eye location, causes
Lateral rectus not working properly
Eye will look inward at rest
Common causes of sixth nerve palsy are diabetic neuropathy, stroke, infection and trauma
Fourth Nerve eye palsy - Muscle, eye location, causes
Superior oblique not working properly(which pulls the eye down)
Eye looks up and inward
Might have a head tilt to balance the palsy
Ocular trauma and diabetes mellitus are the two commonest causes of this palsy
Third Nerve eye palsy - Muscle, eye location, causes
Controls all muscles except superior oblique and lateral rectus
Eye is down and out
Have ptosis, proptosis, and a fixed pupil dilatation if the lesion is surgical rather than medical
Due to a posterior communicating artery aneurysm or MS, DM or hypertension or vasculitis
Pneumonic to remember the palsies
SO4 LR6 AO3
What are temporal lobe seizure (focal) symptoms
With or without loss of consciousness
Get lip smacking, grabbing, plucking and last around a minute
Get an aura in most pts (typically a rising epigastric sensation)
What are frontal lobe (motor) seizure (focal) symptoms
Head/leg movements, posturing, post-ictal weakness, Jacksonian march
What are parietal lobe (sensory) seizure symptoms
Paraesthesia
What are occipital lobe (visual) seizure (focal) symptoms
Floaters/flashes
What are tonic-clonic seizure (generalised seizure) symptoms
- Loss of consciousness andtonic (muscle tensing) andclonic (muscle jerking) episodes
- May be associated tongue biting, incontinence, groaning and irregular breathing
- After the seizure there is a prolongedpost-ictal period
where the person is confused, drowsy and feels irritable or depressed
What are absense seizure (generalised) symptoms
When they stop and stare into space for about 10s and then return to normal
More common in children
What are atonic seizure (generalised) symptoms
Drop attacks
- brief lapses in muscle tone, causing the patient to fall
- These don’t usually last more than 3 minutes
- Consciousness retained
What are myoclonic seizure (generalised) symptoms
Sudden brief muscle jerks of a limb, trunk, or face
What is Broca’s area and what does it do
Area in the inferior frontal gyrus of the left hemisphere of the brain- B is ahead of W so infront
Does speech production
Damage to it means you can understand speech but just can speak
What is Wernicke’s area and what doe it do
Area in the posterior segment of the superior temporal gyrus
Does speech understanding
Damage to it means the patient can speak but cant understand whats being said
Bishops score components
cervical position, consistency, effacement, dilation, and foetal station
