Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Disease 2 > Pulmonary hypertension > Flashcards

Pulmonary hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mean pulmonary arterial pressure in a patient with pulmonary hypertension?

A

25 mmhg at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the normal mean pulmonary arterial pressure?

A

10-20 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is cor pulmonale?

A

a condition that causes the right side of the heart to fail due to an enlarged and overworked right ventricle caused by a primary disorder of the respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can pulmonary hypertension lead to?

A

Cor pulmonale
Right sided heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the echocardiogram or a normal heart look like compared to the echocardiogram of a heart experiencing pulmonary hypertension?

A

In the normal heart, the left ventricle is the largest structure with the LA and RA being similar in size and the RV being slightly bigger than the atria
In a heart experiencing pulmonary hypertension, the left ventricle is significantly smaller with the RV and RA being drastically increased in size due to increase PVR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe group 1 pulmonary hypertension

A

Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe group 2 pulmonary hypertension

A

Associated with left heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does left heart disease cause pulmonary hypertension?

A

Places backward stress on the pulmonary vasculature due to a systolic or diastolic dysfunction of valvular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe group 3 pulmonary hypertension

A

Associated with chronic lung disease or chronic hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What diseases are associated with group 3 pulmonary hypertension?

A

COPD
ILD
Sleep related disorders
Chronic exposure to high altitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe group 4 pulmonary hypertension

A

PH due to chronic thromboelbolic pulmonary hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe group 5 pulmonary hypertension

A

Hypertension due to unclear multifactorial mechanisms such as
Polycythemia
Essential thrombocythemia
Sarcoidosis
Vasculitis
Metabolic disorders
Other conditions such as tumors that press on the pulmonary arteries or kidney disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pulmonary hypertension is a clinical diagnosis, what does this mean?

A

A clinical diagnosis is a diagnosis that cant be confirmed by a specific test, but by ruling other causes out and analyzing the signs and symptoms of the disease process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of right ventricular heart failure?

A

Exertional chest pain
Exertional syncope
Weight gain from edema
Anorexia?
Abdominal pain and swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How may a patient with pulmonary hypertension present?

A

Dyspnea
Lethargy
Signs and symptoms of right ventricular failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some visual signs that can indicate pulmonary hypertension?

A

Peripheral edema
Ascites

17
Q

What is a key test to determine whether or not someone has pulmonary hypertension?

A

Echocardiogram

18
Q

What should be looked for in the echocardiogram of someone who thought to have pulmonary hypertension?

A

Dilated right ventricle
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Tricuspid valve regurgitation

19
Q

How do you treat pulmonary hypertension?

A

By treating the underlying causing

20
Q

How do you treat group 2 pulmonary hypertension?

A

Treat the left heart failure

21
Q

How do you treat group 3 pulmonary hypertension?

A

Treat causative lung disease

22
Q

How do you treat group 4 pulmonary hypertension?

A

Treat chronic emboli with anticoagulants

23
Q

What are some options for management of pulmonary hypertension?

A

Diuretics
Anticoagulants
Digoxin (some form of heart medicine)
Oxygen therapy
Physical activity

24
Q

Name 2 inhaled medications that are used to manage pulmonary hypertension

A

Iloprost = ventavis
Treprostinil = tyvaso

25
Q

Patients suffering from pulmonary hypertension occasionally have a wearable pump with them that continuously gives them medication. What medication is delivered by this pump?

A

Treprostinil = remodulin

26
Q

What are 2 phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors used to control pulmonary hypertension?

A

Sildenafil
Tadalafil

27
Q

What medications can be used to acutely treat pulmonary hypertension?

A

Nitric oxide
Epoprostinol/prostaglandin = flolan

28
Q

Describe what the systemic pressure of a patient suffering from an exacerbation of pulmonary hypertension would look like and why

A

Systemic pressure would be low because of increased PVR which would limit blood flow to the left ventricle resulting in low systemic blood pressure

29
Q

Why is it important to recognize that a patient who is experiencing pulmonary hypertension has low blood pressure due to the increased PVR?

A

Because typical methods of raising blood pressure will be ineffective and may actually cause more harm than good

Disease 2 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions