Block 3 Breast Flashcards
What is acute mastitis?
Bacterial infection of the breast by S. aureus. It is associated with feeding, which causes fissures in the nipple giving bacteria a route to cause infection
Bacterial infection of the breast by S. aureus. It is associated with feeding, which causes fissures in the nipple giving bacteria a route to cause infection
It presents as:
1) Erythematous breast with nipple discharge
Complication:
It can progress to form an abscess
Rx: Continue to drain (feedings) & antibiotics (dicloxacillin)
acute mastitis
Acute infection of the breast with gram +ve cocci, causing erythematous breast tissue & nipple discharge
acute mastitis
What is periductal mastitis?
It is inflammation of the subareolar ducts. It is usually seen in smokers due to them having a relative vitamin A deficiency which causes metaplasia in the lactiferous ducts resulting in blockage & inflammation
Presents with:
1) A subareolar mass with nipple retraction
It is inflammation of the subareolar ducts. It is usually seen in smokers due to them having a relative vitamin A deficiency which causes metaplasia in the lactiferous ducts resulting in blockage & inflammation
Presents with:
1) A subareolar mass with nipple retraction
periductal mastitis
1) A subareolar mass with nipple retraction, involves metaplasia of squamous cells lining the lactiferous ducts
periductal mastitis
What is mammary duct ectasia?
Rare inflammation with dilation (ectasia) of the subareolar ducts that is seen in multiparous postmenopausal women
Rare inflammation with dilation (ectasia) of the subareolar ducts that is seen in multiparous postmenopausal women
It presents as a:
1) Peri areolar mass with green/brown nipple discharge
Biopsy shows:
Chronic inflammation with plasma cells
mammary duct ectasia
A postmenopausal woman with a brownish peri areolar mass with nipple discharge
mammary duct ectasia
What is fat necrosis of the breast?
It is usually caused by trauma (needle biopsy etc) that presents as a mass on physical exam & abnormal calcification on mammography
Biopsy reveals:
Necrotic fat that is associated with calcification & giant cells
It is usually caused by trauma (needle biopsy etc) that presents as a mass on physical exam & abnormal calcification on mammography
Biopsy reveals:
Necrotic fat that is associated with calcification & giant cells
fat necrosis of the breast
Biopsy reveals:
Necrotic fat that is associated with calcification & giant cells
fat necrosis of the breast
What is fibrocystic change of the breast?
The development of fibrosis & cysts in the upper & outer quadrant of the breast that give it a lump bumpy texture. It usually occurs in premenopausal women & tends to be benign, though certain fibrotic changes are associated with invasive carcinoma
The development of fibrosis & cysts in the upper & outer quadrant of the breast that give it a lump bumpy texture. It usually occurs in premenopausal women & tends to be benign, though certain fibrotic changes are associated with invasive carcinoma
fibrocystic change of the breast
Which types of fibrocystic changes of the breast are NOT associated with invasive carcinoma
Fibrosis, Cysts, & Apocrine metaplasia
Which types of fibrocystic changes of the breast are associated with twice the risk of developing invasive carcinoma?
Ductal hyperplasia & sclerosing adenosis
Ductal hyperplasia & sclerosing adenosis are all fibrocystic changes of the breast that are associated with what?
twice the risk of developing invasive carcinoma
Which types of fibrocystic changes of the breast are associated with five times the risk of developing invasive carcinoma?
Atypical hyperplasia
Atypical hyperplasia is a fibrocystic change of the breast that are associated with what?
five times the risk of developing invasive carcinoma
What is an Intraductal papilloma?
It is papillary growth in the large ducts.
It presents as:
1) A bloody nipple discharge in premenopausal women
It is papillary growth in the large ducts.
It presents as:
1) A bloody nipple discharge in premenopausal women
Intraductal papilloma
What is a papillary carcinoma?
It is fibrovascular projections lined with epithelial cells without any underlying myoepithelium.
It presents as:
1) bloody nipple discharge
It is fibrovascular projections lined with epithelial cells without any underlying myoepithelium.
It presents as:
1) bloody nipple discharge
Complication:
It has a risk of progressing to papillary carcinoma
papillary carcinoma
What is a fibroadenoma?
The most common benign breast tumor that is made of fibrous tissue & glands. It is usually seen in premenopausal as a well circumscribed mobile marble-like mass. It is estrogen sensitive so it grows during pregnancy & can be painful during menstruation