WBC disorders B4 Flashcards
Growth factors:
KIT ligand & FLT3 ligand are ________ growth factors
Stem cell growth factors
Growth factors:
What are the 2 Stem cell growth factors
KIT & FLT3 ligands
List the progenitor cell line for Stem cells
1) Hematopoietic stem cell
2) Multipotent progenitor
Growth factors are KIT & FLT3 ligands
List the progenitor cell line for Myeloblasts (3 paths)
Basophil path:
1) Myeloid stem cell (Bone marrow)
2) Myeloblast (CD33/34 neg & CD13/15 pos)
3) Immature Basophil
4) Basophil
Eosinophil path:
1) Myeloid stem cell (Bone marrow)
2) Myeloblast (CD33/34 neg & CD13/15 pos)
3) Immature Eosinophil
4) Eosinophil
Neutrophil path:
1) Myeloid stem cell (Bone marrow)
2) Myeloblast (CD33/34 neg & CD13/15 pos)
3) N. Promyelocyte
4) N. Myelocyte
5) N. Band
6) Neutrophil
growth factor is G-CSF
List the progenitor cell line for Monocytes
1) Myeloid stem cell (Bone marrow)
2) Immature monocyte
3) Monocyte
growth factor is GM-CSF
List the progenitor cell line for Platelets
1) Myeloid stem cell (Bone marrow)
2) Megakaryocyte
3) Platelets
growth factor is thrombopoietin
List the progenitor cell line for RBC’s
1) Myeloid stem cell (Bone marrow)
2) Pro-Normoblast
3) Basophilic Normoblast
4) Polychromatic Normoblast
5) Orthochromatic Normoblast
6) Polychromatic Erythrocyte
7) Erythrocyte
growth factor is Erythropoietin
List the progenitor cell line for Lymphocytes
1) Myeloid stem cell (Bone marrow)
2) Lymphoid stem cell (Lymph nodes)
3) Lymphocyte
Describe how corticosteroid can cause Eosinopenia, Lymphopenia & Neutrophilia
1) Corticosteroids trap eosinophils in the lymph nodes
2) Corticosteroids induces apoptosis in lymphocytes
3) Corticosteroids increase neutrophil release from bone marrow & decreases neutrophil adhesion molecules, so they don’t stick to the walls of blood vessels and can’t move out of the circulation
What are the 3 main side effects on blood WBC counts that happen with corticosteroid use
Eosinopenia
Lymphopenia
Neutrophilia
Describe how Cushing’s can cause leukopenia & eosinopenia
Excessively high levels of ACTH or cortisol trigger leukopenia and eosinopenia
How does Cushing’s impact WBC counts?
Eosinopenia
Lymphopenia
Proliferative WBC disorder with too many leukocytes
Leukocytosis
WBC disorder with too few leukocytes
Leukopenia
Agranulocytosis means there are
to few neutrophils (under 500) this can cause severe infections!
WBC with eosinophils under 30
Eosinopenia
List the normal WBC labs for:
Leukocytes
4500-to-11,000
List the normal WBC labs for:
Segmented neutrophils
54-62%
List the normal WBC labs for:
Bands
3-5%
List the normal WBC labs for:
Eosinophils
1-3%
List the normal WBC labs for:
Basophils
0-0.75%
List the normal WBC labs for:
Lymphocytes
25-33%
List the normal WBC labs for:
Monocytes
3-7%
Blast cells in the serum likely indicate what?
Leukemia
Patient presents with:
Low grade fever
WBC count of 80,000
Chronic cough
Elevated monocyte count
It likely indicates what?
Chronic inflammation
Increased Bands in the serum likely indicate what?
An acute infection with a leftward shift
List some common causes of Lymphopenia
1) Congenital immune deficiencies (Di George syndrome, HIV, AIDS, & SCID)
2) Post treatment with glucocorticoids or cytotoxic drugs
3) Autoimmune disorders
1) Congenital immune deficiencies (Di George syndrome, HIV, AIDS, & SCID)
2) Post treatment with glucocorticoids or cytotoxic drugs
3) Autoimmune disorders
Are all common causes of what disordered WBC level?
Lymphopenia
Neutropenia is described as having what level of serum neutrophils?
WBC disorder with an absolute neutrophil count < 1500
Describe the possible causes of Neutropenia
1) Decreased production of granulocytes (aka poor granulopoiesis)
2) More destruction or sequestration of neutrophils (aka less neutrophils are released into blood)
3) Drug reactions with either Chloramphenicol (causes aplastic anemia) or Chlorpromazine (an antipsychotic sedative) both are toxic to the bone marrow and mess with granulopoiesis
Describe the common causes of agranulocytosis (neutrophils <500)
Drugs toxicity to the bone marrow (Chloramphenicol, Chlorpromazine, Sulfonamides, Thiouracil, & Phenylbutazone)
Describe how drug toxicity to Sulfonamides can lead to agranulocytosis
The sulfonamide causes the body to make antibodies against our own neutrophils (very similar to immune hemolytic anemias)
Describe the signs of agranulocytosis (Neutrophils <500)
Ulcerating necrotic lesions in the mouth, gingivae, & pharynx that are covered by a gray-green-black necrotic membrane with lots of bacteria/fungi but little to no leukocyte response
Patient has the following, what is the condition?
agranulocytosis (Neutrophils <500)
Leukocytosis (increased WBC #) is primarily dependent on 4 factors
1) The number of myeloid and lymphoid precursors and storage pools
2) The rate of cell release from storage
3) The percentage of marginating WBCs
4) The rate of extravasation (aka leaving blood-to-tissues)
1) The number of myeloid and lymphoid precursors and storage pools
2) The rate of cell release from storage
3) The percentage of marginating WBCs
4) The rate of extravasation (aka leaving blood-to-tissues)
Impact what component within blood labs
Leukocytosis
Describe how increased bone marrow in response to ________________________________causes leukocytosis
1) Chronic infection/inflammation (dependent on GF)
2) Paraneoplastic syndromes (dependent on GF)
3) Myeloproliferative disorders (independent of GF)
Describe how more release of leukocytes from storage in response to ________________________________causes leukocytosis
1) Endotoxemia
2) Infection
3) Hypoxia