development issues & debates Flashcards

1
Q

Morals

A

Standards of right & wrong behavior that can differ between cultures & can depend on the situation.

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2
Q

Moral development

A

Children’s growing understanding about right & wrong.

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3
Q

Heteronomous

A

Rules put into place by others.

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4
Q

Autonomous

A

Rules can be decided by the individual person.

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5
Q

Piaget’s (1932) theory of moral development

from 5-10 y/o

A

rules are about punishment and right and wrong. = heteronomous. (directed by others.)

Other people provide rules which govern our behavior e.g teachers, parents.

  • Focus on action’s consequences.
  • Breaking rules = punishment, so they obey rules.
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6
Q

Piaget’s (1932) theory of moral development

10 y/o onwards

A

it’s about bad actions could have good consequences = autonomous. (the individual decides.)

Individuals are responsible for their own behavior and decide what is right or wrong.

  • Understands it can be right to change rules to benefit others & if everyone agrees.
  • Morals seen as agreed between people. Child knows following rules is more then the consequences of not following them.
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7
Q

Kohlberg’s (1958) theory of moral development

Pre-conventional morality (consequences) up to 9y

A

Stage 1: Make moral judgements based on obedience & punishment.
Good = no punishment Bad = punishment.

Stage 2: Motivated by self-interest & benefit gained from moral action (reward)
‘What’s in it for me?’

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8
Q

Kohlberg’s (1958) theory of moral development

Conventional morality (most young people & adults)

A

Stage 3: Moral judgements made by following societal rules & expectations, in order to be liked & accepted.
Stage 4: Value authority & want to maintain social order.

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9
Q

Kohlberg’s (1958) theory of moral development

Post-conventional morality (10% of people reach this level)

A

Stage 5: Rules are a social contract & only make sense if they serve the right purpose. e.g democracy
Can be differences in morality between individuals according to which laws they’ve agreed to.
Stage 6:
Guided by ethical principles. Rules are only valid if they serve justice.

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10
Q

Weaknesses of Piaget’s (1932) theory of moral development & Kohlberg’s (1958) theory of moral development

A

Not useful: Artificial stories used - answers given may not represent the real decisions participants would make - low ecological validity

Not useful: Kohlberg used an all male sample so his findings are not generalisable to women’s morality.

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11
Q

define nativist theories

A

Theories that view morality as part of human nature.

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12
Q

Damon 1999

A

Damon (1999)
* Nature argument – moral development explained by biology.
* Nativist theories (thinking morality is in our nature) hold that emotions are within us (babies feeling more/less empathy form birth.)
* Gives evidence that empathy/emotions found in babies universally – nature argument emphasized about moral development.
* Concluded moral identity (someone’s commitment to morals) comes from many social influences child experience; must hear consistent message about shared standards in order to develop moral understanding.

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13
Q

Diana Baumrind

A

Type of parenting affects moral development in children.

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14
Q

damon’s ideas of developing empathy & how it links to a child’s level of understanding at different age

A

early infancy
* feelings towards others not diff from feelings towards themself
* global empathy

1-2 y/o
* realize ppl are distress, dont know what to do abt it

early childhood
* decentration
* can be more responsive to someone’s distress

10-12 y/o
* realize ppl may live in poverty & have difficulties such as disabilities.

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