Atomic structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What and when was John Dalton’s contribution to developing the model of the atom?

A

Start of the 19th century - Atoms were first described as solid spheres.

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2
Q

What and when was JJ Thomson’s contribution to developing the model of the atom?

A

1897 - Plum pudding model.

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3
Q

What is the plum pudding model?

A

Ball of charge with electrons scattered within it.

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4
Q

What and when was Ernest Rutherford’s contribution to developing the model of the atom?

A

1909 - Alpha scattering expermiment.

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5
Q

What and when was Niels Bohr’s contribution to developing the model of the atom?

A

Around 1911 - Bohr theorised that the electrons were in shells orbiting the nucleus.

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6
Q

What and when was James Chadwick’s contribution to developing the model of the atom?

A

Around 1940 - Chadwick discovered neutrons in the nucleus.

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7
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

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8
Q

What is beta radiation?

A

A fast moving electron that can be stopped by a piece of aluminium.

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9
Q

When is beta radiation emitted?

A

Beta radiation is emitted by an atom when a neutron splits into a proton and electron.

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10
Q

What is a gamma wave?

A

A wave of radiation and is the most penetrating - stopped by thick lead and concrete.

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11
Q

What is alpha radiation?

A

An alpha particle emitted
from the nucleus of a radioactive nuclei.

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12
Q

What is half life?

A

The time taken for the number of radioactive nuclei in an isotope to halve.

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13
Q

What is irradiation?

A

Irradiation occurs when materials are near a radioactive source. The source is sometimes placed inside a lead-lined box to avoid this.

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