Kidneys

Question 1

Organ that produces urine

Answer 1

Kidneys

Question 2

Superomedial aspect of the kidneys contacts what organ?

Answer 2

Suprarenal gland

Question 3

Suprarenal gland is a part of what organ system

Answer 3

Endocrine

Question 4

Separates glands from the kidneys

Answer 4

Weak fascial septum

Question 5

What are the organs considered under primary retroperitoneal structures

Answer 5

Superior urinary organs (kidneys, ureters)
Vessels
Suprarenal glands

Question 6

Also known as Perirenal fat capsule

Answer 6

Perinephric fat

Question 7

Surrounds kidneys and their vessels as it extends into tneir hollow centers

Answer 7

Perinephric fat

Question 8

Hollow centrs of the kidneys

Answer 8

Renal sinuses

Question 9

The kidneys, suprarenal glands and the fat surrounding them are enclosed by?

Answer 9

Renal fascia

Question 10

A delicate extension of the renal fascia inferomedially along the ureter

Answer 10

Periureteric fascia

Question 11

Also known as pararenal fat body

Answer 11

Paranephric fat

Question 12

Extraperitoneal fat of the lumbar region external to the renal fascia

Answer 12

Paranephric fat

Question 13

Renal fascia sends _____________ through the paranenephric fat

Answer 13

Collagen bundles

Question 14

Normal renal mobility

Answer 14

3cm (2-3 cm in vertical direction)

Question 15

The primary attachment of the suprarenal glands is to the __________

Answer 15

Diaphragm (diaphragmatic fascia)

Question 16

Kidneys are located at what levels of the spinal cord

Answer 16

T12 - L3

Question 17

A vertical cleft at the concave medial margin of each kidney

Answer 17

Renal hilum

Question 18

Space in the kidney where renal hilum enter

Answer 18

Renal sinus

Question 19

Where is the transpyloric plane located

Answer 19

Level of T12

Question 20

The hilum of the left kidney is _________ from the median plane

Answer 20

5cm

Question 21

What kidney is higher than the other

Answer 21

Left is higher than the rightkidney

Question 22

Why is the left kidney higher than the right kidney

Answer 22

Presence of liver

Question 23

The left kidney is higher than the right by ________

Answer 23

2.5 cm

Question 24

The _________ pole of the ________ kidney is a finger’s breadth superior to the iliac crest

Answer 24

Inferior pole, right kidney

Question 25

Measurement of kidneys

Answer 25

10cm length 5cm width 2.5cm thickness

Question 26

Superiorly, the posterior aspects of the kidneys are associated with?

Answer 26

Diaphragm

Question 27

The diaphragm separates the kidneys from

Answer 27

Pleural cavities and 12th pair of ribs

Question 28

Inferiorly, the posterior surface of the kidney are related to

Answer 28

Psoas major, quadratus lumborum and transversus abdominis muscle and the diaphragm

Question 29

What are the structure found anterior to the right kidney

Answer 29

Liver Duodenum Ascending colon

Question 30

Separates the kidney to the liver

Answer 30

Hepatorenal recess

Question 31

The left kidney is associated with what structures

Answer 31

``` Stomach Spleen Pancreas Jejunum Descending colon ```

Question 32

The flattened, funnel-shaped expansion of the superior end of the ureter

Answer 32

Renal pelvis

Question 33

Part of the renal pelvis that is continuous with the ureter

Answer 33

Apex

Question 34

Renal pelvis receives how many MAJOR calyces

Answer 34

2-3

Question 35

The minor calyx is indented by

Answer 35

Renal papilla | -- apex of renal pyramid

Question 36

Structure from which the urine is excreted

Answer 36

Renal pyramid

Question 37

Apex of the Renal pyramid

Answer 37

Renal papilla

Question 38

Muscular ducts with narrow lumina that carry urine from kidneys to the bladder

Answer 38

Ureter

Question 39

Constrictions of the ureters

Answer 39

Junction of ureteres and renal pelvis Ureter cross brim of pelvic inlet Passage through walls of urinry bladder

Question 40

Suprarenal glands are enclosed by renal fascia by which they are attached to the ________ of the diaphragm

Answer 40

Crura

Question 41

Primary RELATIONSHIP of the suprarenal gland is with the

Answer 41

Kidney

Question 42

Primary ATTACHMENT of the suprarenal gland is with the

Answer 42

Diaphragm

Question 43

Separates the suprarenal gland from the kidney

Answer 43

Renal fascia

Question 44

Part of the gland wherein vessels enters and exits

Answer 44

Hilum

Question 45

Structures located in between the 2 suprarenal glands

Answer 45

``` IVC Rightcrus of diaphragm Celiac ganglion Celiac trunk SMA Left crus of diaphragm ```

Question 46

Suprarenal gland: pyramid shape

Answer 46

Right

Question 47

Suprarenal gland: crescent shaoe

Answer 47

Left

Question 48

Suprarenal gland: related to the IVC anteromedially

Answer 48

Right

Question 49

Suprarenal gland: related to the spleen and panceas

Answer 49

Left

Question 50

Medial borders of the suprarenal gland are ________ cm apart

Answer 50

4-5 cm apart

Question 51

Two parts of each suprarenal gland

Answer 51

Cortex and medulla

Question 52

Suprarenal cortex: derived from?

Answer 52

Mesoderm

Question 53

Suprarenal cortex: secretes what hormones?

Answer 53

Corticosteroids | Androgens

Question 54

Suprarenal medulla: derived from?

Answer 54

Neural crest cells

Question 55

Suprarenal medulla: cells that secrete catecholamines

Answer 55

Chromaffin cells

Question 56

Suprarenal medulla: hormones secreted

Answer 56

Catecholamines Epinephrine Norepinephrine

Question 57

Renal artery: passes posterior to the IVC

Answer 57

Right renal artery

Question 58

Also known as end arteries

Answer 58

Segmental arteries

Question 59

Do segmental arteries anastomose with each other?

Answer 59

No

Question 60

An independent surgically resectable unit is called

Answer 60

Renal segment

Question 61

Renal veins: what is longer, right or left?

Answer 61

Left renal vein

Question 62

The left renal vein receives blood from what veins?

Answer 62

L suprarenal v L gonadal(testicular/ovarian) v Communication with ascending lumbar v

Question 63

The abdominal portion of the ureter is supplied by

Answer 63

Renal arteries