Central and southern Mountain Flashcards
Aravalli Mountain range
● Aravalli mountain is an example of the oldest folded ‘residual mountain’. It originated in the Precambrian period.
● The extension of this mountain range is about 800 kilometers from Delhi in the north-east to Gujarat in the south-west.
● It is not a part of the Himalayan Mountains and is the oldest mountain range.
● The main hill of the Aravalli mountain range is located in Rajasthan.
● Its highest peak in the south-west of Rajasthan is named Gurushikhar, which is 1,722 meters high. It is situated in Mount Abu.
● The famous religious place of Jains ‘Dilwara Jain Temple’ is situated in Abu hill.
● The Luni River is an important river originating from this mountain, which flows through the Thar Desert and merges into the Rann of Kutch in Gujarat.
● The Aravalli range is also a major watershed that separates the Rajasthan drainage system from the Ganga drainage system.
Vindhya Mountain Range
● This mountain range is situated to the North of the Narmada River.
● Vindhyan range extends from Gujarat to Bihar in the west.
● This is an example of Block Mountain.
● The Vindhya range is a series of hills, which include Vindhyachal, Kaimur and Parasnath hills.
● It is made of sandstone, limestone and quartzite.
● The Vindhyanchal mountain range is the main water divide between northern India and peninsular India.
● It connects the drainage system of the river Ganges with the drainage system of peninsular India
Kaimur Hill
● The Kaimur Hills are the eastern part of the Vindhya Range.
● It acts as a water divide between Son and Tons rivers.
Parasnath Hills
● The Parasnath Hills is located towards the eastern end of the Chota Nagpur Plateau in the Giridih district of Jharkhand.
● It is one of the most important pilgrimage centers for Jains.
● as out of 24 Jain Tirthankaras, 20 Tirthankaras attained Kaivalya here
Satpura Mountain Range
● This mountain range is also a block mountain, which is made of granite and basalt rocks.
● The Satpura mountain range is located in the central part of India, which extends from Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh to the plateau of Chhota Nagpur.
● This mountain range is situated between the Narmada River in the north and the Tapti River in the south.
● This mountain range acts as a water divider between the Narmada and Tapti rivers.
● Rajpipla hills, Mahadev hill and Maikal range are part of Satpura mountain range.
● The hill of Rajpipla is situated on the border of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh.
● After this, Mahadev hill is located in the middle and Maikal hill (most eastern part of Satpura) is located in the east, that is, Mahadev hill is located in the west of Maikal range.
● The Maikal hills are the eastern part of the Satpura range. It is widespread in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
● The highest peak of this mountain range is Dhupgarh (1,350 m.), Which is located on the Mahadev mountain.
● The famous tourist destination ‘Amarkantak’ is the highest peak of the Maikal range, from where Narmada, Son and Johila rivers originate.
● Pachmarhi situated in Hoshangabad district of Madhya Pradesh is called ‘Queen of Satpura’.
Hills of Andhra Pradesh
● Nallamala hill, Velikonda hill, Palakonda hill and Ngari hill are situated in Andhra Pradesh.
● The Nallamala hill forms the border between Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
● This hill is situated between Krishna and Pennar rivers.
Seshachalam Hills
● Seshachalam Hills, also known as Tirumala Hills, are a range of hills located in the southeastern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
● The hills are situated to the west of the city of Tirupati and are part of the Eastern Ghats mountain range.
● The Seshachalam Hills are home to several important pilgrimage sites, including the world-famous Tirumala Venkateswara Temple.
Annamalai Mountain Range
● Mountain Range is primarily located in the state of Tamil Nadu, though the broader Western Ghats.
● The Anaimalai Hills are located in the Western Ghats and extend across the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
● The highest peak of peninsular India is Anaimudi (2,695 m), which is located on the Annamalai mountain range.
● These hills are known for their rich biodiversity and are recognized as an ecologically sensitive region.
Nilgiri Mounatain Range
● Nilgiri mountain range extends in Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
● Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats meet at the Nilgiris.
● Doddabetta (2,637 m), the second highest peak in South India, is situated on the Nilgiri Mountains.
● The world famous tourist destination ‘Udagamandalam’ is located in the Nilgiris itself. Udhagamandalam is another name for ‘Ooty’.
● Ooty generally does not experience snowfall in winters. It has a milder climate compared to some other hill stations, and snowfall is not a common occurrence in Ooty during the winter season.
Cardamom Hills
● The Cardamom Hills are a southern extension of peninsular India.
● Its expansion is in Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
● Cardamom is cultivated on a large scale in these hills.
● Kodaikanal, a famous tourist destination of South India, is situated in the Palani Hills.
Shevroy Hills
● This hill is located in Tamil Nadu and is an extension of the Eastern Ghats in southern India.
● The Shevaroy Hills are known for their scenic beauty and are a popular tourist destination.
● These hills are situated near the town of Yercaud, which is a hill station in TamilNadu.
What is Plateau
Peninsular Plateau is made up of
Area include in Peninsular Plateau
Largest plateau of India
● The flat topped tableland standing above the surrounding area is called Plateau.
● The Peninsular plateau is a tableland made up of old crystalline, igneous, and metamorphic rocks.
● The Peninsular Plateau consists of the Deccan Plateau, Malwa, Bundelkhand, Chota Nagpur, Northeastern, Telangana, Karnataka, Dandakaranya, etc.
● The Deccan Plateau is the largest plateau in India.
Malwa Plateau
● This plateau is situated between the Aravali and Vindhya mountain ranges.
● The expansion of Malwa stone is mainly in the western part of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.
● This plateau is called ‘Plateau of Hadoti’ in Rajasthan.
● Due to the weathering of basalt rocks, black soil has developed in this plateau, which is useful for cotton cultivation.
● Chambal, Narmada and Tapti are the main rivers flowing here.
● The Chambal river valley situated in the Malwa plateau is known for Gully erosion.
● “Gully Erosion” happens when running water erodes the land and creates large channels or “gullies”. Imagine a small stream of water that, over time, digs deeper and wider into the ground, forming a big ditch or trench.
Deccan Plateau
● The Deccan Plateau of the Indian Subcontinent is located between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats.
● It extends over eight Indian states (principally Telangana, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu).
● It is a triangular land, situated to the south of the Tapti river.
● To its north lies the broad-based Satpura mountain range, while the Mahadev, Kaimur and Maikal ranges form its eastern extension.
● Black soil is found in the Deccan Plateau, which has been formed as a result of the erosion of basalt lava.
● Due to black soil, this area is considered fertile for cotton cultivation.
● The plateau also has many important rivers, like the Godavari and Krishna, which flow eastwards into the Bay of Bengal
Dandakaranya Plateau
● The expansion of this plateau is mainly in Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Telangana, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh.
● This area is very important from the point of view of mineral resources.
● Here iron-ore, coal and tin are found in abundance.
● Dandakaranya, famous for tin, is situated in the plateau itself.
● The main tributary of Godavari ‘Indravati’ originates from here.
