Cell

Question 0

Turgor pressure

Answer 0

The pressure exerted by water inside the cell against the cell wall.

Question 1

Plasmolysis

Answer 1

contraction of the protoplasm in a living cell when water is removed by exosmosis.

Question 2

Osmosis

Answer 2

the diffusion of fluids through membranes or porous partitions. Compare endosmosis, exosmosis.

Question 3

Pinocytosis

Answer 3

the transport of fluid into a cell by means of local infoldings by the cell membrane so that a tiny vesicle or sac forms around each droplet, which is then taken into the interior of the cytoplasm.

Question 4

Cytolysis

Answer 4

the dissolution or degeneration of cells.

Question 5

Endocytosis

Answer 5

the transport of solid matter or liquid into a cell by means of a coated vacuole or vesicle ( exocytosis).

Question 6

Exocytosis

Answer 6

the transport of material out of a cell by means of a sac or vesicle that first engulfs the material and then is extruded through an opening in the cell membrane ( endocytosis).

Question 7

Carrier protein

Answer 7

A protein that transports specific substance through intracellular compartments, into the extracellular fluid, or across the cell membrane.

Question 8

Passive transport

Answer 8

A kind of transport by which ions or molecules move along a concentration gradient, which means movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 9

Diffusion

Answer 9

Also called migration. an intermingling of molecules, ions, etc., resulting from random thermal agitation, as in the dispersion of a vapor in air.

Question 10

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 10

Transport of substances across a biological membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration by means of a carrier molecule. Since the substances move along the direction of their concentration gradients, energy is not required.

Question 11

Ion channel

Answer 11

A single protein or protein complex that traverses the lipid bilayer of cell membrane and form a channel to facilitate the movement of ions through the membrane according to their electrochemical gradient

Question 12

Concentration gradient

Answer 12

1. a gradual change in the concentration of solutes in a solution as a function of distance through a solution.

Question 13

Hypertonic

Answer 13

Having a greater degree of tone or tension.

Question 14

Hypotonic

Answer 14

having a lesser degree of tone or tension, as in a ‘hypotonic muscle’

Question 15

EquilLibrium

Answer 15

a state of rest or balance due to the equal action of opposing forces.

Question 16

Isotonic

Answer 16

noting or pertaining to solutions characterized by equal osmotic pressure.

Question 17

Contratile vacuole

Answer 17

a specialized vacuole of eukaryote cells, especially protozoa, that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of a permanent narrow neck. Function is probably osmoregulatory.

Question 18

Phagocyte

Answer 18

any cell, as a macrophage, that ingests and destroys foreign particles, bacteria, and cell debris.

Question 19

Active transport

Answer 19

the movement of ions or molecules across a cellular membrane from a lower to a higher concentration, requiring the consumption of energy.

Question 20

Vesicle

Answer 20

the movement of ions or molecules across a cellular membrane from a lower to a higher concentration, requiring the consumption of energy.

Question 21

Phagocytosis

Answer 21

the ingestion of a smaller cell or cell fragment, a microorganism, or foreign particles by means of the local infolding of a cell’s membrane and the protrusion of its cytoplasm around the fold until the material has been surrounded and engulfed by closure of the membrane and formation of a vacuole: characteristic of amebas and some types of white blood cells.

Question 22

Sodium potassium pump

Answer 22

Pumps sodium and potassium in and out of the cell