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PSY 210: > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Traditional or contemporary approach?

Psychoanalysis

A

Traditional

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2
Q

Traditional or contemporary approach?

Behaviorism

A

Traditional

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3
Q

Traditional or contemporary approach?

Gestalt

A

Traditional

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4
Q

Traditional or contemporary approach?

Humanism

A

Traditional

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5
Q

Traditional or contemporary approach?

CBT

A

Traditional

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6
Q

Traditional or contemporary approach?

ACT

A

Contemporary

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7
Q

Traditional or contemporary approach?

DBT

A

Contemporary

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8
Q

Traditional or contemporary approach?

Positive Psychotherapy

A

Contemporary

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9
Q

Traditional or contemporary approach?

Narrative

A

Contemporary

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10
Q

Traditional or contemporary approach?

Multicultural and Feminist

A

Contemporary

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11
Q

Traditional or contemporary approach?

Integrative

A

Contemporary

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12
Q

What traditional therapy approach?

Main idea: Unconscious needs, desires, and fears, underlie behavior and form personality (and related difficulties)

Therapy: therapist’s interpretations help to provide insight and eventual relief

Method: “talking cure”; free association; dream interpretation; interpretation of transference

more modern version: psychodynamic approach

A

Psychoanalysis

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13
Q

What traditional therapy approach?

emphasized observable behavior and empirical validation

Main Idea: behavior is learned

From this view: It doesn’t always matter if we know how the problem developed, or if there’s insight. Specific behavior is easiest to modify

Specialties: Children, health, CMD, phobias

Goal: to unlearn old behavior and learn new, more adaptive behavior

Method: direct instruction, exposure

Examples: desensitization, ERP (exposure and response prevention)

A

Behaviorism

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14
Q

The key figures of this traditional therapy approach includes:

Ivan Pavlov*
John Garcia
Rosalie Rayner
B.F. Skinner*
Albert Bandura*

A

Behaviorism

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15
Q

Key figured known for classical conditioning

A

Ivan Pavlov

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16
Q

Key figured known for operant conditioning

A

B. F. Skinner

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17
Q

Key figure known for social cognitive theory.

A

Albert Bandura

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18
Q

The key figure of this Traditional therapy approach is Fritz Perls.

A

Gestalt

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19
Q

What traditional therapy approach?

Main Idea: authenticity comes through awareness in the “here and now”; emphasis on body awareness.

Method: therapist observes and provides in the moment feedback to client. Doing is preferable to simply talking.

(Empty Chair technique)

A

Gestalt

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20
Q

What Key Term?

Occurs when an inborn tendency develops-if the environment fosters it.

A

Self-Actualization

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21
Q

Key Term

Warmth, love, and acceptance of those around us

Receiving this = “prizing”

A

Positive Regard

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22
Q

What traditional therapy approach?

Goal: Foster self-actualization
Psychological problems are byproducts of stifled growth, conditions of worth, Congruence

Three elements: empathy, unconditional positive regard, genuineness

A

Humanism

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23
Q

what Element of Humanism approach?

Involves a deep, nonjudgemental understanding of client’s experiences

Client-centered therapy emphasizes this understanding

can have a positive impact on client

A

Empathy

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24
Q

what Element of Humanism approach?

Full acceptance of another person “no matter what”

Facilitates higher levels of congruence and self-actualization

Humanistic therapists accept clients entirely and unconditionally

A

Unconditional positive regard

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25
Q

what Element of Humanism approach?

Also called therapist congruence

helps therapists establish relationships that feel “real”

humanists encourage a relatively high degree of transparency by the therapist

A

Genuineness

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26
Q

Empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness are _______, not behaviors.

A

attitudes

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27
Q

Some Key figures of this therapy include

Aaron Beck
Albert Ellis
Norman Cotterell
Judith Beck

A

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

28
Q

What traditional therapy approach?

Focuses on behavioral change through changing dysfunctional thought processes. emphasizes Relationship between Automatic thoughts and core beliefs/behaviors.

Main Idea:
Activating events lead to
Beliefs (thoughts) which lead to
Consequences (behaviors)

Therapy: examining thinking patterns and challenging/disrupting errors and replacing them with thoughts that are rationale, positive, and helpful

A

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

29
Q

This Key Figure is a co-developer of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), a popular evidence-based form of psychotherapy that uses mindfulness, acceptance, and values-based methods.

A

Steven Hayes

30
Q

What contemporary therapy approach?

Developed in 1980’s and known as a “Third-wave therapy” (aka an offshoot of CBT)

Main theory: it is counterproductive to try to control our emotions. Avoiding or suppression of these feelings actually leads to more distress. Rather than avoiding, try accepting!

A

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

31
Q

What contemporary therapy approach follows the main idea:

We can live with a range of emotions and thoughts; “what we resist, persists”.

Thoughts are just words and stories we tell ourselves.

A

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

32
Q

How does ACT approach the idea about whether thoughts are true or not?

A

It doesn’t matter if a thought is true or not, it matters if it’s helpful.

33
Q

What Key term?

-Awareness of the present moment

-Full engagement in present activity

-Non-judgemental awareness of thoughts, emotions, senses

A

Mindfulness

34
Q

What contemporary therapy approach utilizes:
-Acceptance/expansion (making room for unpleasant feelings and sensations)

-Mindfulness and “Defusion”

-Values clarification and committed action

A

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

35
Q

This Key figure created dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), a type of psychotherapy that combines cognitive restructuring with acceptance, mindfulness, and shaping.

A

Marsha Linehan

36
Q

What contemporary therapy approach?

Developed in 1970s as a “third-
wave CBT”

-Originally developed for people
with chronic suicidality and
Borderline Personality Disorder
(BPD)

-Still the only therapy that has
strong empirical support for
treating BPD. But, it is also helpful with
other concerns

A

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

37
Q

What contemporary therapy approach has the main idea:

-Emotion-regulation difficulties are the core of serious dysfunction

-People can learn healthier ways of reacting and relating.

A

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

38
Q

What contemporary therapy approach utilizes Emotion-regulation and for learning new skills:

-Distress tolerance (radical acceptance, self-soothing, etc.)

-includes exposure to feared situations, and skills training in group and individual.

-Emphasis on dialectics and reduction of dichotomous thinking. (The Power of AND)

-incorporates mindfulness and validation

A

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

39
Q

What Contemporary therapy approach is defined as “issues that arise for minority groups (e.g. oppression, racism, marginalization) are relevant for mental illness and should be acknowledged during therapy.

A

Multicultural therapy

40
Q

What Contemporary therapy approach includes “mental health can be understood through an individual’s social and cultural identities and the political environment in which they live”.

A

Feminist therapy

41
Q

What contemporary therapy approaches (2):
-emphasize contextual features

Common presenting issues: Interpersonal violence, family and career issues, body image.

A

Multicultural and Feminist

42
Q

What contemporary therapy approaches (2) has the Main ideas:
-empowerment
-egalitarian relationships
-appropriate self-disclosure and mutuality
-therapist seeks to understand, acknowledge, and process identities and cultural values with client

A

Multicultural and Feminist

43
Q

What contemporary therapy approach:

-combines 2+ approaches
Main idea: Each client is unique, and can benefit form a unique type of therapy.
Emphasizes common factors.

A

Integrative

44
Q

True or False:

The vast majority of therapists do not stick to just 1 approach, but draw from many depending on the client and the presenting concern.

For an Integrative approach, it’s common to combine CBT with other therapies, like humanisitic or psychodynamic.

A

True

45
Q

Does the therapist’s degree predict effectiveness?

A

Not really, no

46
Q

Does the therapist’s age or gender predict effectiveness?

A

not really, but older adults and women are rated slightly higher

47
Q

Does the therapist’s expereince predict effectiveness?

A

not much after the initial steep learning curve.

most therapists perceive themselves as better over time and they become more confident.

48
Q

Does the therapist’s personal experience with the client’s issue predict effectiveness?

A

not really, except for when the client perceives it as important to the alliance and when it builds trust

49
Q

does the therapists need to share the same characteristics and identities as their clients to be effective?

A

not really (with some exceptions)

50
Q

Is there a particularly effective therapist personality?

A

not that researchers can identify, but remember our earlier discussions on personality

51
Q

Does interpersonal skills matter?

A

YES!

52
Q

Which of the Big 5 dimensions relate to interpersonal skills?

A

Extraversion and agreeableness

53
Q

What makes a good therapist?

A

ability to build rapport, trust, and alliance

warmth, genuiness

ability to read and identify emotions

verbal processing skills

54
Q

What are the best predictors of treatment effectiveness?

A

Severity of symptoms**
extra-therapeutic factors
readiness for change (stage of change)
client’s expectations of success
client has specific goals
active engagement and participation

55
Q

a “transtheoretical model” to assess a client’s readiness to change and informs a therapist about what to do

Precontemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance
relapse

A

Stages of change

56
Q

What stage of change?

Build rapport
raise consciousness about the issue

A

Precontemplation

57
Q

What stage of change?

explore and validate ambivalence, highlighting the pros and cons of change

A

contemplation

58
Q

What stage of change?

strengthen commitment
prepare an action plan

A

preparation

59
Q

What stages of change?

enhance self-efficacy
build supportive relationships

A

action and maintenance

60
Q

What stage of change?

emphasize learning and jumping back in

A

relapse

61
Q

when researching therapy, which studies use experimental, highly controlled research testing types of therapy?

A

Efficacy studies

62
Q

when researching therapy, which studies use correlational, usually from survey data or naturally-occuring data

A

effectiveness studies

63
Q

empirical outcomes of therapies shows that competing therapies work about equally well

common factors across all forms of psychotherapy

A

The Dodo Bird Effect

64
Q

Many of the therapies that exist have things in ________ that account for more of the treatment effectiveness than the specific methods being used

examples:
Hope
Shared Goals
Empathy
Affirmation
Genuiness
Motivation

A

Common Factors

65
Q

The relationship between therapist and client

most crucial single aspect of therapy

best predictor of therapy outcome

facilitates positive change

reciprocal relationship between client and therapist

A

Therapeutic alliance

PSY 210: (4 decks)

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