Depth 2 War and Diplomacy

Question 1

role of war

Answer 1

• seen as kings duty to protect realm from outside threats
• eg: Richard II peasants revolt and Henry IV Archbishop Scrope and Owain Glywndr
• war enhanced kings reputation - act as military leader by personally fighitng in war
• any poor leadership and loss could damage status
• war was costly and uncertain - had to be funded through taxation and raise grievances

Question 2

WAR
Hundred year War
henry V

Answer 2

• increasingly popularity with nobels who benefited from success
• large amount of land conquered ]
• Battle of Harfleur and Battle of Agincourt 1415
• 1415- Henrys return, big parliament parades and recived poundage and townage
• 1420- treaty of Troyes made Henry heir to french throne

Question 3

WAR
Hundred year War
Henry VI

Answer 3

• during kings minority- Duke of Bedford had difficulty mainting english conquests in France and enforcing treaty
• Henry as King of france was accepted in North but resented in the south (support for claim of French Dauphine)
• Rise of Joan of Arc in Burgundy
• teenage peasants who supported french dauphin
• calimed to hear voices of god and led forces against English = charles crowned king
  *
  New treaty was required - Treaty of Tours 1444
  *marriage to Catherine of Anjou - no dowry and surrender of Maine
  created public hostility

Question 4

WAR
significance of Hundred year War
Henry VI

Answer 4

• Truce with france did not last
• english foces attacked Brittany and looted the town
• King Charles reorganised army and fought against English in Normandy and gascony
• battle of Castillion 1453 - resulted in henrys mental collapse
• 17 month stupor- politcal instability. Duke of York as protectorate
• loss of french areas and break down in the south =Cades Rebellion 1450 - grievances of rebels of poor handling of war debt and evil councillors
• decline in royal authority and breakdown of law and order - nevilles and percies

Question 5

DIPLOMACY
Planned invasion of france treaty of Picquigny
Edward IV

Answer 5

• edward wanted to replicate success of Henry V, military, poltical and protection
• 1468: Edward planned invasion of France = obtained tax BUT invasion failed = resentment and increase support for Warwick and Clarence
• 1474: alliance with burguny against France - granted taxation tenth and fithteenth and 13,000 archers
• raised money via benvolences - demanding gidts
• 1475: military campaign in calais failed due to failure of duke of burgundy ]
• king louis and edward signed treaty of picquigny

Question 6

DIPLOMACY
results of treaty of picquigny
edward Iv

Answer 6

• 7 year truce with france
• marriage of french heir to kings daughter, elizabeth
• £15,000 initial adn £10000 yearly pension from france
• pension allowed Edward to manage without taxation until 1482 = avoided need for parliament advice or criticims
• BUT
• seen as a dishonourable settlement and angry that benvolences had been wasted = Richard III made promise to never levy

Question 7

DIPLOMACY
Spanish marriage 1499
Henry VII

Answer 7

• Henry was very keen to form an alliance to ensure security of tudour reign ( usurper at battle of Bosworth)
• would gain military support and strength family status
• Arthur would marry katherine of Aragon
• 1489 treaty made to create politcal alliance and trading agreeements
• spanish negotiated that Katherine would provide a smaller outlay than English would hope fot
• 1501: Marriage

Question 8

DIPLOMACY
consequences of spanish marriage
Henry VII

Answer 8

• tensions about sexual ettique
• marriage only seen binding if sex consumated
• spanish tried to prevent consumation - reflect growing tensions from spanish about tuduor regime
• Arthurs death - keen to continue alliance
• church did not allow for marriage to Henry VIII- permission from the pope