Exercise for Special Populations - Cardiac Rehab & Physical disabilities (SCI) (NOT IN EXAM) Flashcards
What % of adults (UK) don’t meet PA recommendations, and what % have obesity?
37% do not meet PA recommendations.
28% have obesity
What are common medications for cardiac patients?
B-blockers
- decrease HR and/or BP
- decrease work of the heart
Anti-arrhythmia medication (calcium channel blockers)
- control dangerous heart rhythms, risk of bleeding increase
Nitroglycerin
- relax smooth muscle in veins to reduce venous return
- reduce angina symptoms
patient implications: decrease maximal exercise capacity, increase muscle fatigue, risk of hypotension
What does graded exercise testing (GXT) include monitoring of?
- ECG (12-lead) - HR and rhythm, signs of ischemia
- BP
- RPE
If any of the following symptoms occur, stop exercise and evaluate:
- chest pain or tightness
- dizziness or faintness
- pain in the arm or jaw
- severe shortness of breath
- an irregular heartbeat
- excessive fatigue
Cardiac rehab is safe and effective and should start within 10 days of discharge from hospital. What are the 3 phases of cardiac rehab?
1) inpatient exercise program
2) outpatient exercise, close supervision
3) less direct supervision, may be home-based
What are the AHA recommendations for PA in adults for overall CV health?
- > 30 mins mod-intensity aerobic activity at least 5 days per week. Per week for a total of 150 mins.
OR… - > 25 mins vig-aerobic activity at least 3 days per week. Per week for a total of 75 mins,
Rank (%) the disability types who get no aerobic PA
Mobility (57%)
Cognitive (40%)
Vision (36%)
Hearing (33%)
None (26%)
What does the summary of evidence suggest with regards to exercise prescription for disabled people?
‘Low to moderate confidence in evidence that 3-5 sessions per week of upper-body aerobic exercise at moderate to vigorous-intensity for 20 –44 mins can improve cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and CVD risk’
What are some considerations when prescribing exercise to disabled individuals?
Determine the level of functional independence and assistance required
- ROM, sitting and standing balance, spasticity, strength imbalances
Invisible issues
- post exercise hypotension could lead to syncope
- minimise triggers for autonomic dysreflexia (should empty bowel and bladder before exercise)
- impaired thermoregulatory control