Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurobiology of Adult Brain Disorders > Tauopathies > Flashcards

Tauopathies Flashcards

1
Q

Define tau

A

microtubules associated protein that promotes tubulin assembly into microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Microtubules are the __ for __ __

A

tracks
axonal transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When __ are disrupted, there is __

A

microtubules, neurodegeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Normal tau uses __ to make P-tau
P-tau uses __ to make normal tau

A

kinases
phosphetases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List five tauopathies

A

alzheimer disease
postencephalitic parkinsonism
ALS/ Parkinsonism dementia complex (PDC) of Gua,
Progressive subnuclear palsy (PSP)
corticobasal degeneration (CBD)
Pick’s disease
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD)
Myotonic dystrophy
niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) disease
Dementia pugillistica
chronic traumatic encephalophay (CTE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the manifestation of CTE

A

hypophosphorylated tau accumulates in the absence of amyloid plaques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define alzheimer’s and describe the clinical symptoms

A

a progressive, degenerative disease that attacks the brain and results in dementia – impaired memory, thinking and behavior

Clinical symptoms - the disease progresses slowly from mild forgetfulness to confusion and dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

There are six isoforms in the adult human brain of __ __ __ __, all products of __ -_ from a single gene

A

microtubule associated protein tau
alternate splicing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the function of microtubule associated protein tau?

A

promotes assembly and maintains the structure of microtubules by co-assembling with tubulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three types of tau found in an AD brain?

A

abnormally phosphorylated and polymerized into PHF

normally phosphorylated

abnormally hyperphosphorylated (AD P-Tau) and unpolymerized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three steps of tubulin assembly into microtubules

A

nucleation, elongation, steady state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hyperphosphorylated tau __ tau-promoted __ assembly

A

inhibited
microtubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

AD P-tau binds normal tua in a __ __ fasion

A

non-saturable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

AD P-tau induces __ tau to acquire __ conformation

A

normal
pathological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Self-assembly of AD P-Tau is dependent on __

A

phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T/F: Soluble and not PHF-tau is able to disrupt microtubules

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the four common characteristics of hyperphosphorylated tau from Alzheimer brain cytosol (AD P-tau)

A

Inhibits the microtubule assembly
disrupts the pre-assembled microtubules
self-polymerizes into PHF/SF
dephosphorylation eliminates both the microtubule assembly inhibitory activity and self-polymerizes into filaments of AD P-tau

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hyperphosphorylation converts __ __ into an AD P-tau like molecule

A

recombinant tau

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

FTDP-17 mutations induce a __ change to __, making it a more __ substrate for __

A

Conformational
tau
favorable
phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The mutated taus on phosphorylation sequester normal __ and __ __ into __

A

tau
self-aggregate
filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

__ levels of phosphorylation are required for self-assembly of mutated taus than __ __ taus

A

lower; wild type

22
Q

FTDP-17 mutations cause the disease probably by making __ and preferred substrate for __

A

tau; phosphorlyation

23
Q

T/F: Pseudophosphorylation at Ser 199, Ser 396 does not significantly alter tau’s ability to bind to microtubules

A

True

24
Q

Tau pseduophosphorylated at Ser262 binds __ to microtubules

A

weakly

25
Q

TauR406W with Tau212 mutated to __ seems to aggregate without _- but attached to __ in permeabilized CHO cells

A

Glu
tubulin
microtubules

26
Q

T/F: Pseudophosphorylation at single site makes tau and AD P-tau-like molecule

A

False; does not make AD P-tau

27
Q

3E-tau expression induces __ in CHO cells

A

apoptosis

28
Q

Pseudophosphorylated tau at Thr212, 231 and Ser 262 (3E-Tau) induces __ __ in CHO cells

A

capase activation

29
Q

T/F: Normal tau binds to tubulin in CHO cells

A

true

30
Q

Expression of __ disrupts the microtubule network in CHO cells

A

PH-tau

31
Q

__ are released from PH-tau transfected CHO cells

A

vesicles

32
Q

Describe the charactersticis of microtubules with PH-tau infection

A

PH tau enters the nucleus
PH-tau expressing cells have membrane blebbing
Intracellular degeneration and protein aggregation, vacuole formation

33
Q

Tau has a __ that becomes functional upon __

A

NLS, hyperphosphorylation

34
Q

PH-Tau translocates into the __ via __ binding

A

nucleus; importin

35
Q

Translocation of PH-tau into the nucleus promotes __

A

cell death

36
Q

Tau nuclear translocation disrupts the ___ __

A

nucleo-cytoplasmatic transport

37
Q

TDP-43 changes its __ localization when __ is expressed in the cells

A

nuclear; PH-Tau

38
Q

What are two models used to study Tau pathological effects?

A

transgenic drosophila
inducible transgenic mice model

39
Q

T/F: neuronal loss is present in greater quantities in PH-Tau mice

A

true

40
Q

PH-Tau induces synaptic __ and __ disruption

A

dysfunction; axonal

41
Q

PH-tau expressed basal levels in the presence of __ and the expression can be increased by the removal of __ from the diet

A

doxycycline; doxycycline

42
Q

Basal PH-tau expression leads to early __ deficits; PH-Tau was detected as __ tau

A

behavioral; oligomeric

43
Q

Induced expression of PH-Tau resulted in sarkosyl __ tau and __ tau, extensive __ loss and __ activation

A

insoluble; truncated; neuronal; astrocytes

44
Q

Alzheimer’s disease has been associated with a disruption of __ signaling cascade in __, and to __ resistance. T2DM correlates with AD

A

insulin; neurons; insulin resistance

45
Q

Describe characteristics of PH-Tau-TG mice

A

have higher elevated levels of expression of activated insulin receptor and glucose transporters
have higher levels of fasting glucose in plasma
show electrophysiological signs of brain insulin resistance

46
Q

What are two effects of PH-Tau injections in vivo?

A

change in cell morphology
neurodegeneration

47
Q

PH-Tau injection leads to __ decline __ months post-injection

A

cognitive; six

48
Q

Abnormal __ of tau is an early step in the process of __ degeneration

A

hyperphosphorylation; neurofibrillary

49
Q

The combination of phosphorylation at __, __, and __, __ in the same tau molecule can trigger toxicity in vitro and in vivo

A

Thr 212, 231
Ser 199, 262

50
Q

What does the new inducible mouse model recaptiulate?

A

oligomeric tau
truncated tau
early cognitive impairment
neuronal loss and astrocytes activation

51
Q

Blocking __ receptors with __ resulted in inhibition of tau uptake

A

muscarinic; atropine

52
Q
A

Neurobiology of Adult Brain Disorders (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions