4.4 Genetic Diversity Flashcards

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1
Q

Define genetic diversity

A

The number of different alleles of genes in a population

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2
Q

Reasons for low levels of Genetic Diversity

A
  • Small population
  • Inbreeding
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3
Q

Explain the process of natural selection

A
  • A random mutation occurs in one cell, resulting in a new allele in a gene for XXX
  • Those with allele areresistant to ZZZ
  • YYY provides a selection pressure
  • The cell is more likely to survive, and reproduce, passing on allele to offspring
  • Over generations, the allele increases in frequency in the population
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4
Q

Why is there a time lag on a graph showing resistance

A
  • Initally, only one individual has the desired allele
  • Indiviiduals with allele will survivie to produce more offspring
  • It takes many generations for the allele to increase in frequency in the population
  • Become most dominant
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5
Q

What are the type of adaptations that are created by natural selection

A
  • Anatomical
  • Physiological
  • Behavioural
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6
Q

Explain stabilising selection, and give an example

A
  • Intermediate phenotypes best adapted to survivie in enviroment
  • As intermediate phenotypes are advantageous, they become more common
  • Extreme phenotypes disappear
  • Birth weight in humans
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7
Q

Example of stabilising selection

A

Birth weight in humans

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8
Q

Explain directional selection and give an example

A
  • Extreme phenotype is best adapted to survive in enviroment
  • As extreme phenotypes are advantageous, they become more common, and intermediate phenotypes disappear
  • Antibiotic resistance in rats
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9
Q

Example of directional selection

A

Antibiotic resistance in rats

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10
Q

Describe the procedures for the use of aspetic technique

A
  • Wash hands with soap and disinfect surfaces
  • Flame neck of bottle
  • Use sterile pipette to transfer bacteria
  • Use sterile spreader to spread bacteria
  • Place pipette and spreader into disinfectant after use
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