Urinary System (handout) Flashcards
(121 cards)
0
Q
Conducts urine from bladder to outside
A
Urethra
1
Q
Conveys urine from kidneys to bladder
A
Ureter
2
Q
Upper poles of the kidney are located at what level of the vertebra?
A
T12
3
Q
Lower poles of the kidney are located at what level of the vertebra?
A
L3
4
Q
The hilum of the kidney are located at what level of the vertebra?
A
L1
5
Q
The right kidney is related to what organs/structures?
A
Liver
Hepatic flexure
Desc part of duodenum
Adrenal gland
6
Q
The left kidney is related to what organs/structures?
A
Splenic flexure Stomach Pancreas Jejunum Spleen Adrenal gland
7
Q
Covering of the kidney that can be easily stripped off
A
Renal/True capsule
8
Q
Surrounds the kidney and helps keep the kidney in its current location
A
Adipose capsule / perirenal fat
9
Q
Primary attachment of the suprarenal gland is with the
A
Diaphragm
10
Q
Renal fascia of Gerota is derived from
A
Fascia transversalis
11
Q
The anterior layer of Gerota’s fascia is related to what structures?
A
Renal blood vessels
Aorta
Vena cava
12
Q
Posterior layer of Gerota’s fascia is related to what structures
A
Psoas major
Quadratus lumborum
13
Q
Consist of structures at the Hilus, eg. Renal vessels, ureters and nerves
A
Renal Pedicle
14
Q
What do you call the cavity wherein renal pelvis, calyces and blood vessels lie
A
Renal sinus
15
Q
The sinus is lined by _________ membrane.
A. Membranous
B. fibrous
A
B. fibrous
16
Q
The parenchyma of the kidney is divided into two structures, namely?
A
Cortex and medulla
17
Q
Part of the parenchyma of the kidney wherein it is consist of subdivisions called renal pyramids
A
Medulla
18
Q
Subdivisions of the medulla is known as
A
Renal pyramids
19
Q
The apex of the renal pyramid
A
Renal papilla
20
Q
Openings if the renal papilla
A
Cribosa
21
Q
Cortex: subscapular zone of cortex
A
Cortex cortices
22
Q
Cortex: portion of the cortex between pyramids and cortex
A
Cortical arches
23
Q
Cortex: radially directed striations representing bundles of tubules
A
Medullary rays
24
Refers to the kidney parenchyma served by one papilla
Renal lobe
25
One renal pyramid and its overlying cortex
A. Renal lobe
B. renal lobule
A. Renal lobe
26
Refers to the medullary ray with the immediately associated cortical tissue
Renal lobule
27
Tubular functional unit of the kidney
Uriniferous tubulues
28
Parts of the urineferous tubule
Nephron and collecting tubule
29
Secretory part of the uriniferous tubule responsible with urine formation
Nephron
30
Part of the uriniferous tubule responsible for concentrating urinary solute to form a hypertonic urine
Collecting tubules
31
The two parts of the uriniferous tubule arise from ___________ embryological origin
A. Same
B. Separate
B. separate
32
Funnel shaped structure at the renal sinus
Renal pelvis
33
Both renal arteries arise from the
Aorta
34
Both renal veins drain into the
IVC
35
The kidney consume how much percentage of the cardiac output
20%
36
```
Within the renal hilum, the arteries lie _________ to the vein
A. Anterior
B. posterior
C. Superior
D. Inferior
```
B. inferior
37
```
The renal pelvis lie _______ to the vessels
A. Supero-anterior
B. infero-posterior
C. Lateral
D. Behind
```
B. infero-posterior
38
Right renal artery is __________ than the left
A. Longer
B. Shorter
A. Longer
39
The right renal vein is _________ than the left
A. Longer
B. Shorter
B. Shorter
40
```
The right renal artery crosses the IVC _________
A. Anteriorly
B. Posteriorly
C. Superiorly
D. Inferiorly
```
B. Posteriorly
41
The ______________ crosses the IVC posteriorly
Right renal artery
42
The right renal artery crosses the ___________ posteriorly
IVC
43
The ___________ crosses the aorta anteriorly
Left renal vein
44
The left renal vein crosses the _______ anteriorly
Aorta
45
The left renal vein crosses the aorta ___________
Anteriorly
46
What are the two branches of the renal artery
Anterior and posterior segmental artery
47
What are the branches of the anterior segmental artery
Apical
Upper
Middle
Lower
48
```
Ascend between the pyramids and renal columns with no branches to the renal parenchyma
A. Interlobar artery
B. arcuate artery
C. Interlobular artery
D. Afferent arteriole
```
A. Interlobar artery
49
```
Going to the renal glomeruli
A. Interlobar artery
B. arcuate artery
C. Interlobular artery
D. Afferent arteriole
```
D. Afferent arteriole
50
```
Located at the corticomedullary junction
A. Interlobar artery
B. arcuate artery
C. Interlobular artery
D. Afferent arteriole
```
B. arcuate artery
51
```
Lie between medullary rays
A. Interlobar artery
B. arcuate artery
C. Interlobular artery
D. Afferent arteriole
```
C. Interlobular artery
52
Lymphatic drainage of the RIGHT kidney
Paracaval and interoaorticaval
53
Lymphatic drainage of the LEFT kidney
Para-colic or Para-aortic
54
Nerve supply of the kidneys is from
Renal sympathetic plexus
55
Afferent fibers that travel thru the renal plexus enters the spinal cord at ________ levels to supply the kidney
T10, 11, 12
56
Thick walled expandable muscular ducts with a narrow lumen that carry urine from kidney to bladder
Ureter
57
Ureter: runs __________ to the peritoneum of psoas
A. Anterior
B. posterior
B. posterior
58
Ureter: blood arterial supply
Renal
Gonadal
Superior vesical
59
Nerve supply of the ureters
Afferent fibers from spinal ganglion (T11, 12, L1)
60
Lymph from the ureter drains to what lymph nodes
Lumbar (lateral aortic) lymph nodes
61
Upper ureteral lymphatics joins the lymph nodes of the?
Kidneys
62
Middle ureteral lymphatics drain to the
Common iliac nodes
63
Lower ureteral lymphatics drain to the
Common external or internal iliac lymph nodes
64
Lymphatic drainage of the ureter follow the course of
A. Renal artery
B. renal vein
B. renal vein
65
```
Located infero-lateral to the FEMALE urinary bladder is the
A. Prevesical space of Retzius
B. morrison's pouch
C. Pouch of Douglas
D. Fascia of Denonvillier
```
A. Prevesical space of Retzius
66
```
Located infero-lateral to the MALE urinary bladder is the
A. Prevesical space of Retzius
B. morrison's pouch
C. Pouch of Douglas
D. Fascia of Denonvillier
```
D. Fascia of Denonvillier
67
```
Space between the pubic and bladder and is utilized by surgeons to enter the bladder extraperitoneally
A. Prevesical space of Retzius
B. morrison's pouch
C. Pouch of Douglas
D. Fascia of Denonvillier
```
A. Prevesical space of Retzius
68
Parts of the urinary bladder
```
Fundus
Apex
Body
Base
Neck
```
69
Part of the UB where you can find the 2 ureteral orifice
Body
70
```
UB: Ligaments
From back of symphysis pubis to bladder neck and prostate
A. Medial puboprostatic
B. Lateral puboprostatic
C. Median umbilical
D. Lateral umbilical
```
A. Medial puboprostatic
71
```
UB: Ligaments
From apex of bladder to the umbilicus
A. Medial puboprostatic
B. Lateral puboprostatic
C. Median umbilical
D. Lateral umbilical
```
C. Median umbilical
72
```
UB: Ligaments
From pelvic fascia to the neck of bladder and prosyate
A. Medial puboprostatic
B. Lateral puboprostatic
C. Median umbilical
D. Lateral umbilical
```
B. lateral puboprostatic
73
```
UB: Ligaments
Stabilizes bladder anteriorly
A. Medial puboprostatic
B. Lateral puboprostatic
C. Median umbilical
D. Lateral umbilical
```
D. Lateral umbilical
74
Triangular area in the interior of the UB bounded by the R&L ureteral orifice
Vesical trigone
75
Found at the posterior bladder wall that remains smooth even empty
Vesical trigone
76
The ureteral orifices are interconnected by an elevated mucous fold called
Interureteric ridge
77
Found at the interior bladder fundus that usually deepens with an increase in intravesical pressure
Retrotrigonal fossa
78
Space/fossa where urine usually stagnates
Retrotrigonal fossa
79
Ureteral orifices is not circular due to the presence of
Vesical crest or uvula
80
Arterial blood supply of the urinary bladder
From internal iliac artery
81
Branches of the internal iliac artery that supplies the UB
Superior and inferior vesical artery
82
A branch after the gluteal artery that supplies the supero-lateral wall of the bladder
Superior vesical artery
83
Supplies the bladder floor, prostate and prostatic urethra
In males, continuation of internal iliac
In females, branch after uterine artery
Inferior vesical artery
84
Venous drainage of the UB
Prevesical plexus to
Inferior vesical vein to
Internal iliac vein
85
In male UB, blood can also drain to the sacral veins therefore entering what plexus?
Vertebral vesical plexus or
| Batson's plexus
86
In the female UB, the vesical venous plexus drains into?
Vaginal venous plexus
87
Lymphatic drainage of the UB
Anterior - external iliac
| Posterior - iliac
88
UB: considered as the filling nerve
Hypogastric plexus
89
Inhibition of detrussor muscle will
A. Fill the UB
B. Empty the UB
A. Fill the UB
90
Sympathetic innervation of the UB is through what plexus?
Hypogastric Plexus
91
Inhibition of detrussor muscle and increased tone of internal urethral sphincter
A. Parasympathetic
B. Sympathetic
B. Sympathetic
92
Parasympathetic innervation of the UB is through what nerves?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
93
Considered as the emptying nerve of the UB
Pelvic splanchnic nerve
94
Emptying of the UB
A. Sympathetic
B. Parasympathetic
B. Parasympathetic
95
Voluntary relaxation of the external anal sphincter is by what nerve
Pudendal nerve
96
Stimulation of the detrussor muscle and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter is the action of what nerve
Pelvic splanchnic - parasympathetic
97
Female: pouch of peritoneum between the bladder and uterus and is normally empty
Vesicouterine pouch
98
Male: bladder is normally free floating except for what part
Neck
99
Male: the stability of the neck of the UB is due to what ligament
Puboprostatic ligaments
100
Male: between the bladder and rectus
Ampulla of vas and
| Seminal vesicles
101
Female: between the bladder and rectus
Cervix and superior part of vagina
102
Male: bladder neck opens to
Prostatic lumen
103
Female: bladder neck opens to
Short female urethra
104
Male: what causes the bulge in the UB just beneath the trigone?
Posterior lobe of the prostate
105
Female: the extrinsic compression at the superior margin of the UB is caused by?
Anteverted uterus
106
The male urethra is normally how long?
15-20cm
107
3 parts of the male urethra
Prostatic
Membranous
Penile
108
Male urethra: widest and most dilatable part
Prostatic
109
Male urethra: a long elevation on the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra
Urethral crest
110
Male urethra: what do you call the grooves along the sides of the urethral crest that receives openings of the prostatic glands?
Prostatic sinus
111
Male urethra: what can you find at the summit of the urethral crest that then opens into the urethra
Utricle
112
Male urethra: least dilatable portion
Membranous
113
What surrounds the membranous urethra?
Urethral sphincter
114
Male urethra: enclosed in the bulb and corpus spongiosum
Penile urethra
115
Narrowest part of the urethra
External urethral meatus
116
The female urethra is normally how long?
1.5 inches
117
Homologue of prostate glands to femalea
Paraurethral glands
118
Urethra: blood supply
Internal pudendal and gonadal arteries and veins
119
Urethra: Lymph drainage
Sacral lymph nodes
| Internal iliac LN
120
Urethra: innervation
Pudendal nerves
| Pelvic splanchnic nerves
