1.7 Cancer Genetics

Question 1

Tumour heterogeneity

Answer 1

Tumour cells can show distinct morphology and phenotypic profiles

Inter or intra tumour heterogeneity

Question 2

Driver mutations

Answer 2

Drive cancer initiation and progression

Question 3

Passenger mutations

Answer 3

Do not drive cancer initiation and progression

Question 4

Proto oncogene

Answer 4

Normal gene that produces a protein that promotes cell growth and proliferation

Question 5

Proto oncogene with a driver mutation

Answer 5

Oncogene

Can lead to cancer

Question 6

Tumour suppressor gene

Answer 6

Normal gene that produces a protein that helps limit cell growth and proliferation

Question 7

Driver mutation in a tumour suppressor

Answer 7

Can lead to cancer

Question 8

Germline mutation

Answer 8

Mutation in reproductive cells which are passed from parent to offspring

Question 9

Somatic mutation

Answer 9

Mutation in any cell of the body except for germ cells

Question 10

Cancer risk genes

Answer 10

protective against cancer correct dna damage that naturally occurs

Question 11

Inheriting faulty cancer risk genes

Answer 11

Raises risk of developing cancer

Question 12

Hallmarks of cancer

Answer 12

Evading growth suppressors
Nonmutwtional epigenetic reprogrwmming
Avoiding immune destruction
Enabling replicative immortality
Tumour promoting inflammation
Polymorphic microbiomes
Activating invasion and metastasis
Inducing or accessing vasculature
Senescent cells
Genome instability and mutation
Resisting cell death
Deregulating cellular metabolism
Unlocking phenotypic plasticity
Sustaining proliferation signalling