1.7 The Impacts Of Migration

Question 1

Country of origin

Answer 1

1. Advantages
   - less pressure on healthcare
   - decline in birth rate
   - migrants bring back new skills
   - money is sent back (remittances)
   - creates more job opportunities: reduces unemployment
   - less pressure on education
   - increased quality of education and healthcare
   - decrease traffic congestion and air pollution (less cars)
2. Disadvantages
   - labour force reduced therefore reduction in output
   - more skillful and educated labour leave the country
   - fewer innovations
   - division of families
   - left with elderly population
   - less income

Question 2

Country of destinations

Answer 2

1. Advantages
   - overcomes labour shortage
   - dirty unskilled jobs done
   - brings expertise to country
   - skilled migrants bring innovations
   - cultural diversity
   - will work long hours for low salary
2. Disadvantages
   - competition for jobs
   - more pressure on healthcare and education
   - traffic congestion
   - air and noise pollution
   - less religious amenities for immigrants

Question 3

Migrants themselves

Answer 3

1. Advantages
   - more job opportunities
   - better salary and access to wider variety of goods
   - better access to education and healthcare
   - safer and peaceful and can start a family
   - higher pay
   - highest standard of living
   - send remittances to family back home
2. Disadvantages
   - culture shock
   - racism
   - language barriers
   - different culture nay be difficult to integrate
   - separated from family and friends
   - higher cost of living
   - not used to weather conditions
   - visa
   - difficulty in finding houses to stay

Question 4

An international migration: Mexico to the USA

Answer 4

1. Introduction
   - there is a 2000km border between the USA and Mexico
   - over 1 million Mexicans migrate to the USA every year
   - the US Border Patrol guards the border and tries go prevent illegal immigrants
   - in 2006, 850,000 were caught and deported back to Mexico
2. Push factors
   - poor medical facilities with 1800 per doctor
   - low paid jobs with a GNP of $3750
   - the adult literacy rates are only 55%
   - poor education prospects
   - life expectancy is 72 years
   - 40 % of Mexicans are unemployed
3. Pull factors
   - excellent medical facilities with 400 per doctor
   - well paid jobs with a GNP of $24,750
   - adult literacy rate are 99%
   - good education prospects
   - life expectancy is 76 years
   - many jobs are available for low paid workers such as Mexicans
4. Effects on the USA
   - illegal migration costs the USA millions of dollars for border patrols and prisons
   - Mexicans are seen as a drain on the USA economy
   - business give migrant workers lower wages which affects Americans that might in the return receive lower wages
   - they cause problems in cities due to cultural and racial issues
5. Effects on Mexico
   - the Mexican countryside has a shortage of economically active people
   - young people tend to migrate leaving the old and very young
   - legal and illegal immigrants together send $6 billion a year back to Mexico which can go through taxes