1776-1865

Question 1

in 1780s what percentage of population lived in the country side?

Answer 1

95%

Question 2

what were the two products that defined the economies of the North and South?

Answer 2

the North had wheat production and the South had cotton

Question 3

what did Jefferson mean in the declaration of independence when writing “all men are created equal”?

Answer 3

left vague, did he mean only men, slaves, native Americans. it most likely only meant white men.

Question 4

who was the primary author of the constitution?

Answer 4

the constitution had many contributors but the primary one was James Madison. he developed the system of checks and balances

Question 5

what was one of the primary debates during the constitutional convention?

Answer 5

the issue of slavery as the south had higher slave population and the creation of a union would make slavery an issue for all states

Question 6

what was the issue of slave representation in constitutional convention?

Answer 6

The electoral system was based on population and it decided how man representatives each state would get, southern states had larger slave population and wanted them to count as people for that reason.

Question 7

what was 3/5 compromise?

Answer 7

the result was that 3/5 of the slave population would count towards representation in congress, this resulted in each individual slave counting as 3/5 of a person by law.

Question 8

why was the number 3/5?

Answer 8

has been argued as an economic point that slave labour makes 3/5 the produce of free labour.

Question 9

what was the agreement on the international slave trade?

Answer 9

the international trade would be allowed for 20 years and then it could be banned, if all states agreed to the constitution, the slave trade was banned in 1808 exactly 20 years after the deal.

Question 10

when was the constitution signed and ratified?

Answer 10

it was signed in 1787 and ratified in 1788, in use since 1789

Question 11

who were members of the federalist party?

Answer 11

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, George Washington

Question 12

what were the federalist papers?

Answer 12

documents that strongly supported the constitution and constitutionalism.

Question 13

who were the anti-federalists?

Answer 13

James Monroe, John Hancock, had support of politicians and popular opinion as there was distrust of strong central government.

Question 14

who was the first president?

Answer 14

George Washington

Question 15

who succeeded Washington as president? (5 successors after)

Answer 15

John adams
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
James Monroe
John Quincy Adams

Question 16

what was George Washington’s leadership style?

Answer 16

there was no clear description of presidential power, but he surrounded himself with advisors and created a cabinet taking time to make decisions. he believed in the prestige of the job over personality.

Question 17

what precedents did Washington create?

Answer 17

the two term limit, was never in the constitution but he never ran for a third term, not until Franklin Roosevelt who served 4 terms was limit placed.
The use of a cabinet is not in the constitution.

Question 18

what criticism did Washington receive as president?

Answer 18

the lavish way he presided, he had a coach with his coat of arms and held lavish ceremonies, not unlike that of a monarch. Washington like other founding fathers also held slaves.

Question 19

what was the war of 1812?

Answer 19

a larger war between Britain and France, Britain would board American ships to prevent trade to France and there was suspicion that British were encouraging native Americans to revolt.

Question 20

who was the hero in the battle of New Orleans?

Answer 20

Andrew Jackson began is rise after this battle where only 21 Americans died and 2000 British

Question 21

what were the consequences of Treaty of Ghent 1814?

Answer 21

1. federalists lose their support after opposing the war looked unpatriotic.
2. the Monroe Doctrine
3. No winners but the native Americans lost due to suspicion of support from the British
4. increase in demand for self sufficient manufacturing

Question 22

what was the population growth from 1790 to 1840?

Answer 22

3.9 million in 1790 to 17 million in 1840

Question 23

what role did immigration play in the increase in population?

Answer 23

in 1820s was around 153,000 immigrant settlers and by 1840s was around 1.7 million, the were mostly Irish and Scottish

Question 24

what was the increase in slave population between 1790 and 1840?

Answer 24

697,000 slaves in 1790 increased to 3.9 million in 1840, by the 1830s 90% had been born in the US

Question 25

what was the importance of the waterways in transportation?

Answer 25

previous method of trade was by canals which limited trade to coastal areas and international markets. the increase of canals and steamboats allowed for greater trade and efficiency. was dominant until the 1860s

Question 26

when did the railroad begin to make impact on the economy?

Answer 26

process of railroads began in 1830s and made the speed of shipping much quicker but not cheaper, and after 1850 would dominate transportation.

Question 27

what were the effects of the transportation boom?

Answer 27

expansion of agriculture, work hours increased and worked harder for greater profit.
there was a move towards cash and credit from trading and there was an expansion of commercial agriculture in the west.

Question 28

what was the government land act and effect?

Answer 28

allowed for the purchase of land from the government for a small down payment, people would grab as much land as possible then sell it for profit, and increased farming profit, with shift towards farming for the market.

Question 29

what was the disparity of transportation in the US?

Answer 29

Most of the transport links were in the urban North, not in the rural south.

Question 30

what was the time of Andrew Jackson called?

Answer 30

the Age of the Common Man (meaning the white man)

Question 31

how was society changing with the era of Andrew Jackson?

Answer 31

Jackson was symbol of new democratic spirit during 1820-30s. also new era of fashion with a move away from the old elite and wigs. expansion of the franchise to almost all white men.

Question 32

what was Andrew Jackson’s nickname?

Answer 32

‘old Hickory’

Question 33

how was Jackson different to other presidents in his background?

Answer 33

His family home was not fancy mansion but was a small wood shack, he was also veteran of revolutionary war being captured by the British at 12. Jackson felt like an outsider from the backcountry.

Question 34

what was Jackson’s military career?

Answer 34

reputation for ruthlessness with his nickname coming from native american. he hanged 2 British in spanish Florida almost causing an international incident, he then becomes first governor of Florida.

Question 35

what was Jacksons campaign trail?

Answer 35

he engaged in popular direct campaigning, the must crucial part was his biography in which he didn’t appear as a killer but a peoples candidate. he appealed to the valued of virtue and launched anti-washington campaign about corrupt elites.

Question 36

what did Jackson do regarding slavery?

Answer 36

his administration went out of its way to avoid slavery, Jackson was elevating white men by expanding the franchise and in terms of class it widened rights.

Question 37

what was Jackson’s policy towards natives?

Answer 37

it was not positive and expanded land removal in the southeast.

Question 38

what was the Louisiana purchase?

Answer 38

1803, the purchase of the land of Louisiana from the French for $15 million, this doubled the size of the US

Question 39

who were lewis and clark?

Answer 39

explorers who were tasked with an expedition of the Louisiana purchase, they travelled by boat down the rivers and discovered many hard terrains and landscapes. also making contact with native Americans and allied with some and fought others.

Question 40

how were the Choctaws affected by new settlers?

Answer 40

many tried to adapt to white settlers. the choctaws farmed land and lived in collective communities. they adapted to animal farming but soon the whites were removing them from their homes and the choctaws refused.

Question 41

what was the treaty of Rabbit Creek?

Answer 41

the natives gave up their homes to the US government for $5 million, as white settlers moved in and squatted in their homes and farms.

Question 42

what did the Choctaws do after Rabbit Creek?

Answer 42

they began moving west, most walked and travelled in the winter with many dying along the way. some adapted to the white settlers but many were killed or forced to leave.

Question 43

where were the Cherokee based?

Answer 43

cherokee nation centred in Georgia, where a treaty recognised them as independent nation, in which the Georgia govt passed law to have authority over them.

Question 44

how did the cherokee respond to 1829 Georgia authority law?

Answer 44

they took the government to court which ruled the cherokee had right to their own land. this decision sent Jackson into a rage

Question 45

what happen to Cherokee land?

Answer 45

a treaty signed in washington saw land signed over to the Govt, but many didn’t adhere to this.
after the law was passed it allowed for white population to displace and kill the tribe but the tribe didn’t turn to violence.

Question 46

what killed the most native Americans?

Answer 46

European disease from settlers killed natives more than anything else.

Question 47

what was the issues presented by assimilation of the Shawnee tribe?

Answer 47

pressures created by any tribes as they would become dependent on whites for certain products such as guns and cooking tools.
pressure led to domestic problems for shawnee families and mixed race children in the tribes would concern conservative members of the tribe.

Question 48

who was Black hoof?

Answer 48

Black Hoof was head of Shawnee natives

Question 49

what was the deal Black hoof made?

Answer 49

traded land for goods and annual cash from the govt with some tribe members wearing the clothes of whites and joining white society.

Question 50

how did Black Hoof’s project fail?

Answer 50

the project was going well until the govt stopped paying the Indians and they became too dependant on the whites.

Question 51

what did those natives who didn’t assimilate into society do?

Answer 51

those who didn’t join white society sparked a revival of religion one of these people was Lalawathika.

Question 52

who was Lalawathika?

Answer 52

member of the shawnee tribe, he was not a hunter in the society which was a problem when it came to leading, he was also unattractive and became an alcoholic.

Question 53

what was Lalawathika awakening?

Answer 53

he awoke from a drunken trance and claimed he had died and been reborn, during a conversion he gave up drinking and took the name Tenskwatawa

Question 54

what was Tenskwatawa’s new message (Lalawathika)?

Answer 54

he renounced alcohol and white goods and should return to hunting, but keep the guns , and cease all contact with whites. he gathered many followers and created his own town called Prophets Town.

Question 55

who was Tecumseh?

Answer 55

the brother of Lalawathika who was a good hunter and was more attractive than his brother, everything is brother was not.

Question 56

what happened to Tecumseh?

Answer 56

after further land loss Tecumseh moved towards politics and rallied other tribes to his side and began to overshadow the prophets as leader.

Question 57

what happened after the Battle of Tippecanoe?

Answer 57

after the battle prophets town was destroyed with William Henry Harrison leading the battle. Tecumseh saw the chance to ally with the British.

Question 58

what was the result of Tecumseh’s campaign?

Answer 58

Southern Tribes united with Andrew Jackson to defeat Tecumseh, he was killed in 1813 after his British allies left him. he was shot and skinned with a mythology being born out of him.