19-21

Question 1

Gestalt

Answer 1

German word meaning organized whole

Question 2

Figure-ground

Answer 2

The organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings

Question 3

Grouping

Answer 3

The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli info coherent groups

Question 4

Depth Perception

Answer 4

The ability to see objects in three dimension although the images that strike the retina are two dimensional; allows us to judge distance

Question 5

Visual Cliff

Answer 5

A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

Question 6

Binocular Cue

Answer 6

Depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes

Question 7

Retinal Disparity

Answer 7

A binocular cue for perceiving depth. By comparing retinal images from the two eyes, the brain computes distance - the greater the disparity between the two images, the closer the object

Question 8

Monocular Cue

Answer 8

A depth cue, such as interposition or linear perspective, available to either eye alone

Question 9

Stroboscopic Movement

Answer 9

Perceives a rapid series of slightly varying images as continuous movement

Question 10

Phi Phenomenon

Answer 10

Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent color, brightness, shape, and size) even as illumination and retinal images change

Question 11

Perceptual constancy

Answer 11

Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent color, brightness, shape, and size) even as illumination and retinal images change

Question 12

Color constancy

Answer 12

Perceiving familiar objects as having a consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object

Question 13

Perceptual adaptation

Answer 13

The ability to adjust to changed sensory input, including an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

Question 14

Closure

Answer 14

The act of filling in gaps to create a complete and whole object

Question 15

Continuity

Answer 15

The act of perceiving smooth continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones

Question 16

Proximity

Answer 16

The act of grouping nearby objects and figures together

Question 17

Shape constancy

Answer 17

the tendency to perceive the shape of a rigid object as constant despite differences in the viewing angle

Question 18

Frequency

Answer 18

the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time

Question 19

Pitch

Answer 19

a tone’s experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency

Question 20

Middle ear

Answer 20

the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea’s oval window

Question 21

Cochlea

Answer 21

a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses

Question 22

Inner ear

Answer 22

the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs

Question 23

Sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 23

Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea’s receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; the most common form of hearing loss, also called nerve deafness

Question 24

Conduction hearing loss

Answer 24

A less common form of hearing loss, caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves into the cochlea

Question 25

Cochlear implant

Answer 25

a device used for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea

Question 26

Place theory

Answer 26

In hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated

Question 27

Frequency theory

Answer 27

in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch

Question 28

Gate-control theory

Answer 28

the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological “gate” that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The “gate” is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain.

Question 29

Olfaction

Answer 29

The sense of smell

Question 30

Kinesthesia

Answer 30

Our movement sense - our system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

Question 31

Vestibular sense

Answer 31

Our sense of body movement and position that enables our sense of balance

Question 32

Sensory interaction

Answer 32

The principle that one sense may influence another’s as when the smell of food influences its taste

Question 33

Embodied cognition

Answer 33

the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgements

Question 34

Audition

Answer 34

the sense or act of hearing