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BRS 2 G: NEUROANATOMY > 1.9 Central Nervous System > Flashcards

1.9 Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the CNS composed of

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What is the brain comprised of

A

Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

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3
Q

What is the forebrain comprised of

A

Cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon

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4
Q

What is the hindbrain comprised of

A

Pons, medulla and cerebellum

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5
Q

Brainstem comprised of

A

Midbrain pons and medulla

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6
Q

Frontal lobe function

A

Regulating and initiating motor function, language, cognitive functions

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7
Q

Examples of cognitive functions

A

Attention, memory, executive function (planning)

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8
Q

Parietal lobe function

A

Sensation (touch, pain)
Sensory aspects of language
Spatial orientation
Self-perception

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9
Q

Temporal lobe function

A

Processing auditory information

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10
Q

Occipital lobe function

A

Processing visual information

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11
Q

Limbic lobe

A

Includes the amygdala, hippocampus, mammillary body and cingukate gyrus

Concerned with learning, memory, emotion, motivation and reward

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12
Q

Insular cortex lobe

A

Lies deep within the lateral fissure ( frontal and temporal gap)

Concerned with visceral sensations, autonomic control, interception, auditory processing, visual- vestibular integration
(Feel and sense inside the the body e.g. hunger)

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13
Q

Meninges

A

3 layers - dura, pia and arachnoid

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14
Q

Dura mater

A

Thick
2 layers - periostea, (periosteum layer) and meninges (durable,dense fibrous membrane)

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15
Q

Arachnoid

A

Thin transparent membrane

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16
Q

Pia mater

A

Thin, translucent and mesh like

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17
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Produce in the choroid plexus of lateral (hemisphere) third and fourth centricles

Occupies ventricular system and sub arachnoid space

Reabsorbed by arachnoid villi into superior Sagittal sinus

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18
Q

CSF vs Plasma

A

CSF has lower pH, less glucose, protein and potassium

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19
Q

How many cervical vertebrae

A

7

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20
Q

How many cervical nerves

A

8 pairs

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21
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae

A

12

22
Q

How many thoracic nerves

A

12 pairs

23
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae

A

5

24
Q

How many lumbar nerves

A

5 pairs

25
Q

How many sacral vertebrae

A

5

26
Q

How many sacral vertebrae

A

5

27
Q

How many sacral nerves

A

5 pairs

28
Q

How many coccygeal vertebrae and nerves

A

1

29
Q

Which nerves emerge above vertebrae

A

C1 to c7

30
Q

Which nerves emerge below vertebrae

A

C8 to co1

31
Q

Spinal cord enlargements

A

Cervical (c5 ish) - innervation of upper limbs

Lumbar (l2 ish) - innervation of lower limbs

32
Q

Major pathway for voluntary movement

A

Corticospinal tract (descending)

33
Q

What is the corticospinal tract composed of

A

Upper motor neurones in primary motor cortex
Lower motor neurones in Brainstem and spinal cord

34
Q

Main pathways for sensation

A

Dorsal column pathway and spinothalamus tract

35
Q

Dorsal column pathway

A

Fine touch, vibration and proprioception from the skin and joints

36
Q

Proprioception

A

Position

37
Q

Spinothalamic pathway

A

Pain, temperature and crude touch from the skin

38
Q

Descending tracts

A

Motor
Corticospinal (lateral and ventral)

To muscle

39
Q

Ascending tracts

A

Sensory
Dorsal column and spinothalamic (lateral and ventral)

40
Q

Sulcus

A

Valleys

41
Q

Gyrus

A

Mountains

42
Q

Brainstem motor tracts

A

Vestibulospinal
Tectospinal
Reticulospinal
Rubrospinal

43
Q

Vestibulospinal

A

Motor tract - provides info about head movement and position and mediates postural adjustments

44
Q

Tectospinal

A

Motor tract - orientation of the head and neck during eye movement

45
Q

Reticulospinal

A

Motor tract - preparatory and movement related activities, postural control

46
Q

Rubrospinal

A

Motor tract - innervates lower motor neurons of the upper limb

47
Q

Dorsal column pathway (conveying)

A

Fibres enter via dorsal horn to ascending DCP

Information conveyed from lower limbs and body (below t6) travel ipsilaterally along the gracile tract

Information conveyed from upper limbs and body (above t6) travel ipsilaterally along the cuneate tract

48
Q

First synapse of the gracile tract

A

Gracile nucleus

49
Q

First synapse of the cuneate tract

A

Cuneate nucleus

50
Q

spinothalamic conveying

A

lateral spinothalamic tract deals with pain and temp sensations

anterior spinothalamic tract deals with crude touch

2° neuron crosses over in spinal cord

3° neurons go from thalamus to somatosensory cortex

51
Q

similarities between dorsal and spinothalamic ascending

A

both have 1°,2° and 3° neurons

both 2° neurons cross over and terminate in thalamus

both 3° neurons go to region represented by that part

BRS 2 G: NEUROANATOMY (14 decks)

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