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India > 1920-30 > Flashcards

1920-30 Flashcards

1
Q

What was Gandhis aim

A

To dismantle the state and live in small simple communities

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2
Q

What of Gandhis idea caught on

A

self sufficient communities

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3
Q

Who began to take note of gandhi in 1920

A

Indian masses = peasants

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4
Q

How did Gandhi indentify with the masses

A

adopted peasant lifestyle,discarded western clothing,wore dhoti,walked everywhere

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5
Q

How did Gandhi emerge

A

Intervened in local situations

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6
Q

When did the champaran satyagraha occur

A

1917

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7
Q

What caused the champaran satyagraha

A

German made indigo dye was bought more than Indian indigo dye. So British planters decreased payment for Indigo plantation in India and started exploiting them to grow indigo without payment

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8
Q

How was Gandhi involved in the Champaran situation

A

Local leaders of champaran requested Gandhi to look at the situation.

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9
Q

How did Gandhi solve the situation in Champaran

A

started a signiture campaign, detailed survey of how the farmers felt, their income, suffering , he presented 4k files

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10
Q

What was the outcome of the signiture campaign

A

legislative council passed the Champaran Agarian Act, farmers were given compensation

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11
Q

How did the situation of the Ahmedabad mill start

A

Ahmedabad was an industrial town,introduced the plague bonus which stopped

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12
Q

How was Gandhi involved in the Ahmedabad situation

A

sister of the Ahmedabad mill association asked Gandhi for help

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13
Q

What did Gandhi suggest in Ahmedabad

A

suggested a board with 3 representatives from each side to solve issue, opened a case study

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14
Q

What was the outcomeof the Ahmedabad situation

A

Gandhi went on a hunger strike and the owner of the mill agreed to a 35% bonus

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15
Q

Who did Gandhi forge relationships with

A

Mayor of Ahmedabad= vallabbhai patel and Bihari lawyer= Rajendra prasad and Nehru

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16
Q

What did Gandhi aim to do with the non co peration campaign

A

make the raj ungoverable

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17
Q

What did Gandhi order Indians to do so for the non co operation campaign

A

Boycott elections,hand back titles,remive children from gov schools,boycott law courts, withold taxes,refused to buy imported goods

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18
Q

What was unrealistic to do in the non co operation campaign

A

Parents would be unwilling to deprive children of schools, Lawyers would be unable to leave their lucrative businesses

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19
Q

What was realistic to do in the non co operation campaign

A

Mass refusal to pay tax which would stop goverment departments from functioning.

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20
Q

What did non co operation target

A

areas of giverment which would less likely bring them into conflict with the police e.g tax

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21
Q

What were the succeses of non co operation

A

students boycotted exams, 200 lawyers left their businesses, taxes were not paid

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22
Q

Failure of non- co operation

A

Millions of Indians failed to recognise the morality underpinning Satyagraha

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23
Q

What happened in bombay during non co-operation

A

Hartals orgnanised to coincide with the visit from the pow , 4 days of looting,53 dead

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24
Q

What happened in Malabar during non co operation

A

Moplah Muslims declared a Jihad, killed British people, Hindu land ownders

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25
Q

What happened in Punjab during non- co operation

A

Drowned Muslims

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26
Q

What did Non co operation do

A

Put the Hindu-Muslim alliance in jeapordy

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27
Q

When did the Chauri Chaura incident happen

A

February 1922 after non co operation

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28
Q

What happened in the Chauri Chaura incident

A

Congress supporters burnt 22 policemen alive

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29
Q

What was Gandhis response to the Chauri Chaura incident

A

Fast unto death and called and end to the campaign he was then arrested a month later

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30
Q

When was Gandhi imprisoned and released

A

1922-24

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31
Q

What did Gandhis imprisonment allow Congress

A

more involved in peasant communities, exploit and understand local grievances, leadership passed onto more moderate leaders e.g C.R das and motilal nehru

32
Q

What could congress do after Gandhis imprisonment in 1923

A

stand for elections to the councils set up by the Raj

33
Q

How did Gandhis imprisonment positively impact Congress

A

boosted their popularity,midde class men alienated returned to the fold

34
Q

What events pushed Gandhi to emerge as a leader

A

Rowlatt acts, Amritsar massacre,outcomes of the paris peace conferance

35
Q

What did the paris peace conferance entail

A

Britain had no regards to Islamic nations, which could increase muslim separatness

36
Q

Why did Gandhi have popular appeal

A

had Spiritual strength and political awarness

37
Q

How did he emerge as a leading politician in 1920

A

no one could challenge him, Annie besant was a woman of little concequence, Bal tilak dead.

38
Q

How did member ship in Congress rise

A

100,000- 2 million end of 1921

39
Q

Who left congress

A

Large nu,ber of Muslims and conservative elements of congress objected open defiance to the raj

40
Q

Who was Congress starting to recruit

A

Sects that were neglected, richer peasantry,commercial castes, railway workers

41
Q

Why did Gandhi revitalise organisation of Congress

A

to take over when the raj withered

42
Q

What did the All Indian Committee increase to

A

161-300

43
Q

Who was there an emphasis on recruiting

A

women and trade unions

44
Q

How many provincial committees did Gandhi add

A

100 additional provincial committees

45
Q

Wht new unit was established after Gandhi was released from prison

A

Congress working committee, job was to formulate policy

46
Q

When was the back to basics campaign

A

1924

47
Q

What did the back to basics campaign do

A

set up all india spinners association,promoted self sufficiency,persuaded congress to embark on campaigns of mass literacy, imporved village sanitation, campaigned on the behald of untouchables to assimilate them into society

48
Q

When was the Nehru report

A

1928

49
Q

What did the Nehru report recommend

A

Dominion status for India, princely states and British joined in a federation

50
Q

Who was unhappy with the Nehru report

A

Muslims as it meant that Hindus would form a permenant majority within central gov, they also lost their protection of seperate electorates

51
Q

What did the nehru report do

A

Put hindu-muslim alliance in danger

52
Q

When was the Lahore congress

A

1929

53
Q

What did Gandhi announce in the Lahore Congress

A

He supported the young hooligans and purna swaraj was Congress’ new political demand

54
Q

What did the Lahore congress do

A

Alienate moderate members of Congress

55
Q

Who was purna swaraj popular among

A

The young and trade unions.

56
Q

When was the salt march

A

12th march 1930

56
Q
A
57
Q

Where to where was the salt marh going to be

A

Ahmdeaba to Dandi

58
Q

How much did followers for the march grow

A

10,000-75000

59
Q

How did the salt march increase publicity

A

widely covered by media, world saw violence against peaceful protestors at a time in Britain where civil rights was important, Gandhi was on the front page of times magazine

60
Q

What happened after the salt march

A

wave of civil disobedience after

61
Q

What did congress do after the salt march

A

Authorised provincial committees to set up their own satyagrahas , boycott salt/foreign clothh/taxes

62
Q

What did the wave of civil disobedience after salt march show

A

Gave it a large amount of autonomy, and that congress was a universal umbrella

63
Q

What did Gandhi endorsing the Khilafat movement do

A

Gianed a large number of support from Muslims

64
Q

When did Jinnah speak out against non co operation

A

December 1920

65
Q

What happened when the Khliafat movement collapsed

A

Gandhi was unable to capitalise from it as muslims became uncomfortable with Gandhis rule

66
Q

How many Muslim delegates were there in Congress 1921 and then 1923

A

10.9% in 1921 and 3.6% in 1923

67
Q

What caused the re emergence of Muslim values

A

After the Khilafat movement faded, congress was no longer an appropriate movement for Muslims

68
Q

What exacerbated Muslim separatness

A

The raj staying neutral, muslims/ hindus thought they were wllowed to do whatever

69
Q

Organisations emphasising separatness

A

Arya samj, Hindu Mahasabha

70
Q

What did Arya samj do

A

Proactive in north india,criticised muslims,sought to convert them, created the cow protection society, attempted to replace urdu with hindu as the lang of administration

71
Q

What did the Hindu Mashabha do

A

prepared to use force against people they thought were diluting the purity of the Hindu faith

72
Q

What caused the Muslim breakdown of relations with Congress

A

Congress rejecting Jinnahs proposals twice

73
Q

What did the Muslim league meeting in delhi 1927 offer

A

offered to end support for SE in exchange for 1/3 seats in central legislative assembly and separate sind from Bombay. Congress rejected

74
Q

When did Jinnah come up with his 14 points

A

1929

75
Q

What caused Jinnah to resign

A

Rejection of his 14 points

India (4 decks)

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