DNA Replacation Flashcards
(45 cards)
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid: an extremely long macromolecule that is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics in all life form
Universal code
a universal code for integers is a prefix code that maps the positive integers onto binary codewords,
Double helix
the spiral arrangement of the two complementary strands of DNA.
Thymine
a pyrimidine base, C 5 H 6 N 2 O 2 , that is one of the principal components of DNA, in which it is paired with adenine. Symbol: T
Deoxyribose
any of certain carbohydrates derived from ribose by the replacement of a hydroxyl group with a hydrogen atom.
Hydrogen bond
a type of chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom that has a covalent link with one of the electronegative atoms (F, N, O) forms an electrostatic link with another electronegative atom in the same or another molecule.
Complementary
forming a complement; completing.
Semi-conservative
disposed to preserve existing conditions, institutions, etc., or to restore traditional ones, and to limit change.
Nucleic acid
are polymeric macromolecules, or large biological molecules, essential for all known forms of life.
Nucleotide
any of a group of molecules that, when linked together, form the building blocks of DNA or RNA: composed of a phosphate group, the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, and a pentose sugar, in RNA the thymine base being replaced by uracil.
Phosphate
a tertiary salt of orthophosphoric acid, as sodium phosphate.
Nitrogen base
a nitrogen-containing organic compound that has the chemical properties of a base, especially a pyrimidine or purine: Four nitrogen bases are present in a DNA molecule.
Guanine
a purine base, C 5 H 5 N 5 O, that is a fundamental constituent of DNA and RNA, in which it forms base pairs with cytosine. Symbol: G
Adenine
Biochemistry . a purine base, C 5 H 5 N 5 , one of the fundamental components of nucleic acids, as DNA, in which it forms a base pair with thymine, and RNA, in which it pairs with uracil. Symbol: A
Cytosine
a pyrimidine base, C 4 H 5 N 3 O, that is one of the fundamental components of DNA and RNA, in which it forms a base pair with guanine. Symbol: C
Covalent bond
the bond formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons by two atoms.
Pyrimidine
Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. One of the three diazines, it has the nitrogens at positions 1 and 3 in the ring. The other diazines are pyrazine and pyridazine.
Purine
Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. One of the three diazines, it has the nitrogens at positions 1 and 3 in the ring. The other diazines are pyrazine and pyridazine.
Rna
Ribonucleic acid is a ubiquitous family of large biological molecules that perform multiple vital roles in the coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
mRNA
Messenger RNA is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.
rRNA
In molecular biology, ribosomal ribonucleic acid is the RNA component of the ribosome, and is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms.
tRNA
A Transfer RNA is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 73 to 94 nucleotides in length, that serves as the physical link between the nucleotide sequence of nucleic acids and the amino acid sequence of proteins.
Uracil
Uracil is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of RNA that are represented by the letters A, G, C and U. The others are adenine, cytosine, and guanine. In RNA, uracil binds to adenine via two hydrogen bonds.
Ribose
Ribose is an organic compound with the formula C5H10O5; specifically, a monosaccharide with linear form H−−(CHOH)4−H, which has all the hydroxyl groups on the same side in the Fischer projection. The term may refer to either of two enantiomers.
