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Comparative Law > 1er: > Flashcards

1er: Flashcards

1
Q

¿Qué caracteriza a los sistemas religiosos?

A
  • No son familias legales
  • No agrupan derechos nacionales
  • No separan el derecho (ius) de las normas de orden religioso (Fas)
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2
Q

¿Qué relaciones establece el derecho islámico?

A
  • Relación entre los fieles y el orden del Estado: La Ley de su Estado (Sharia Law) es la Ley Suprema
  • Relación entre fieles e infieles: Los fieles son seres superiores a los infieles y deben evitar relacionarse con infieles, pues los contaminan
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3
Q

What are Islam’s main characteristics?

A
  • It is an universalizing monotheistic religion
  • It teaches that there is only one God: Allah and that Muhammad is his messenger
  • The word “muslim” literally translates to “Someone who is in a state of Islam (Submission to the will and law of God)”
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4
Q

What does the term “Allah” mean?

A

“Almighty God” in arabic

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5
Q

Who was the last prophet sent by Allah?***

A

The last and final prophet whom God sent to humanity was the prophet Muhammed, at the age of forty, he received the revelation from God

He then spent remaining portion of his life explaining, and living the teachings of Islam, the religion that God revealed to him.

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6
Q

Principal source of Islamic Law

A

The Q’ran

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7
Q

The book that contains Islamic Law is called the…

A

Sharia

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8
Q

What rules does the Q’ran contain?

A

It contains the rules by which the Muslim world is governed and forms the basis for the relationships between:

  • man and God,
  • Individuals, whether Muslim or not, and
  • Man and things which are part of creation.
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9
Q

What type of rules does Sharia Law contain?

A

It contains s the rules by which muslim society is organized and governed, and it provides the means to solve conflicts between individuals, and individuals and the State.

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10
Q

What are the Hadith and Sunna?*****

A

They are complementary sources to the Q’ran, and consist of the sayings of the prophet.
-Sunna: Adapta las leyes del Islam al siglo XXI (Interpretación flexible)

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11
Q

What percent of the world population is muslim?

A

Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world, 23% of the world’s population is muslim

  • 80% of muslims live in countries where they are majorities
  • Aproximadamente 317 milones de musulmanes viven como minorías
  • 240 en 5 paises
  • 161 en India
  • 28 en Etiopia
  • 22 en China
  • 13 en Tasmania
  • 16 russia
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12
Q

What is Fatwa?

A

It is a ruling of Islamic law issued by a recognized authority, it is seen as ruling under religious law.

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13
Q

Which are the 5 pillars of Islam?

A
  1. Shahadah Declaration of Faith (or pledging the faith)
  2. Salat Daily (or ritual) Prayer
  3. Zakah Charity to the poor.
  4. Sawm Fasting during Ramadan.
  5. Hajj Pilgrimage to Mecca.
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14
Q

What is the Shahada or declaration of faith?

A

It is the statement: “There is no deity worthy of being worshipped except God (Allah), and Muhammad is the messenger (prophet) of God”

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15
Q

What does prayer mean to muslims and how many times do they pray during the day?

A

Prayer is a method by which muslims connect to God and gather spiritual strength and peace of mind

They perform 5 formal prayers a day.

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16
Q

What is the Zahat??

A

It is a type of charity. Muslims recognize that all wealth is a blessing from God, and certain responsibilities are acquired in return.

For muslims, it is the duty of the wealthy to help the poor and needy.

17
Q

What is the Fast of Ramadan or Sawm?

A

It occurs once a year: Muslims are commanded to fast for an entire month, from dawn to sunset.

  • No food
  • No drink
  • No sexual intercourse

After the sunset, they can enjoy these things

18
Q

What is the Hajj?

A

Every muslim strives to make a once in a lifetime pilgrimage to the sacred city of Mecca, in modern-day Saudi Arabia.

Typically, 2-3 million people perform Hajj every year.

19
Q

Explain Sharia Law as a form of “Derecho Omnipresente”

A
  • Sharia (Islamic Canonical Law) is based on the teachings of the Q’ran and prohibits certain activities such as acceptance of specific interest which is considered usury or investments in businesses contrary to Islamic acceptance (i.e. alcohol)
  • Regarding family law, it is in the traditional understanding that it’s the father’s responsibility to ensure his children, as well as his wife, receive proper religious education.
  • If the father can bring into suggestion the morality of the mother, then the law can shift to be in his favor.
20
Q

Point out two explicit Sharia prohibitions

A

a) RIBA: To increase the amount of debt (interests)

b) MAISIR: Gambling, because money should be earned by the way of work

21
Q

Explica la regulación del Derecho Familiar en la Sharia

A

EL DF está ligado a la figura del padre, las normas patriarcales establecidas en el Corán regulan el matrimonio, la filiación y la herencia.

MATRIMONIO

  • es un contrato entre contrayentes aptos para consumarlo (el hombre debe ser musulman, la mujer no puede casarse con un no-musulmán)
  • El Corán establece un máximo de 4 esposas, pero no pone límite a las concubinas
  • La esposa debe prestación conyugal y obediencia
  • Cada cónyuge es administrador de sus bienes con independencia del otro, el matrimonio no produce ninguna comunidad de bienes
  • Se disuelve por repudio o divorcio

FILIACIÓN

  • Siendo pecado toda relación sexual fuera del matrimonio o concubinato..
  • El derecho islámico solo reconoce la filiación legitima
  • Ignora la legitimación, adopción y reconocimiento de hijos ilegítimos
22
Q

BITCOIN:

  • What is it?
  • What is its main advantage?
  • How is it regulated under Islamic law?
A
  • It is Digital currency which is used and distributed electronically. It is a decentralized peer to peer network, since no single person or institution controls it. There is no way to print it and the amount of bitcoins is very limited.
  • The main advantage of bitcoin is its independence from governments, banks and corporations. NO authority can interfere into BTC transactions or impose fees. Every single transaction is stored in a massive distributed public ledger called the Blockchain.
  • It is forbidden, according to Shair Shawki Allam (Grand Mufti of Egypt), after he issued a fatwa condemning cryptocurrencies
23
Q

What is a Grand Mufti?

A

It is the highest ranking religious officer under Sharia Law

24
Q

Explica el método de Interpretación de las leyes del Islam

A

FUENTES: CORÁN, (leyes dictadas por el Profeta) y la SUNA (prácticas del Profeta).

MÉTODO: IGMA, el consenso a que llega toda la comunidad isñámica en torno a cualquier cuestión relacionada con la doctrina que rige los deberes de los infieles

JUICIO: QIYAS es la analogía, aplicación a casos nuevos y similares de los preceptos establecías por el Corán, la Suna o el Igma.

Comparative Law (9 decks)

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