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AP exam one > 2 > Flashcards

2 Flashcards

1
Q

storage is used for what?

A

excess that goes into other places like fat, reproduction and growth

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2
Q

explain steady state

A

the amount of energy taken in the the amount of energy that leaves the body

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3
Q

breathing is considered (external or internal)

A

external

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4
Q

oxidizing is considered (external or internal)

A

internal

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5
Q

two problems with size?

A

uptake area and diffusion distance

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6
Q

what is the theroretical size limit for diffusion exchange?

A

1mm

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7
Q

explained the gas exchange of 4 linked process for multicellular animal?

A

comes in through convection to the gas exchanger, diffuses across the gas exchanger and then convection through blood circulation to the cell which it then diffuses again into the cell and mitochondira. 2 diffusion steps, 2 bulk transport steps

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8
Q

you start with water or air O2 content of what and go to what when you get all the way to the tissues?

A

150–2`

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9
Q

explain the process of the blood flow from the veins

A

veins-right atrium-right ventricle-pulmonary arteries-lung-pulmonary veins-left atrium-left ventricle-aorta

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10
Q

what has more oxygen air or water?

A

air

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11
Q

what is more dense? air or water?

A

water

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12
Q

what has more kg of medium per L of oxygen?

A

water

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13
Q

what is more viscous?

A

water

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14
Q

what diffuses oxygen better?

A

air

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15
Q

explain bimodal

A

lungfish- have lungs and gills. when the water around them is toxic they will use their lungs, but when water is not toxic, they will use their gills

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16
Q

saturated concentration under specified conditions

A

solubility

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17
Q

solubility depends on what 3 things?

A

nature of gas or medium, temperature, other solutes present

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18
Q

is concentration proportional or improportional to pressure?

A

proportional

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19
Q

what is henrys law? and what is the overall units?

A

C=alpha + P. ml/L

20
Q

what is alpha? and what are the units?

A

solubility coefficient or absoprtion coefficient. ml/ (L x atm)

21
Q

solubility of oxygen is _________ related to temperature and salinity

A

inversly

22
Q

^ Temp causes ___ metabolic rate and ___ of oxygen conc

A

^ and decrease

23
Q

what has more oxygen seawater or freshwater?

A

freshwater because seawater has more solutes in it

24
Q

which becomes limiting first; problems related to diffusion gradiant or oxygen availablity?

A

oxygen availablity

25
Q

explain diffusion relationship with solubility and mw

A

proportional to solubility divided by the square root of the mw

26
Q

explain differences between O2 and CO2 diffusion

A

co2 diffuses slower but because it is way more soluble than o2 it diffuses 26 times faster

27
Q

what is concentration and what are the units?

A

quantity of gas/total contain volume. V/V

28
Q

F is equal to what?

A

fractional concentration of a dry gas. (decimal fraction)

29
Q

explain STPD

A

standard conditions - 0 degrees celsius, 1 atm, and dry

30
Q

explain BTPS

A

body temp 1 atm saturated

31
Q

explain ATPS

A

ambient temp, pressure, saturated

32
Q

give gas partial pressure equation

A

Px=Fx(Patm)

33
Q

conventional unit for partial pressure is what?

A

mm HG or torr

34
Q

capacitance coefficient equation?

A

beta=change in concentration/change in pressure

35
Q

what i the capacitance coefficient eqution for gas exhchage?

A

beta= 1/RT

36
Q

what is the capicitance coefficient equation for inert gas in water, blood, and oxygen in water?

A

beta= physical solubility

37
Q

at lower temperature solubility is (less/greater), especially for (O2 or CO2)

A

greater, Co2

38
Q

D is called what and what are the dimensions?

A

diffusion coefficient. cm^2/s

39
Q

what is the main equation for M dot?

A

D x A x deltaC/little d

40
Q

d for human lung?
A=
deltaC/deltaP=
these values are maintained by what?

A

less than or equal to .5 micronm
50-100m^2
60 mm HG
venitlation

41
Q

fick parameters reflect what

A

adaption

42
Q

what is the true driving force for diffusion?

A

difference in gas partial pressure, not necessarily concentration

43
Q

kroghs diffusion constant K is equal to what? and what are the units?

A

B x D.

cm^2, s^-1, torr^-1

44
Q

what are the units for diffusive conductance > (G)

A

ml x s^-1 x torr^-1

45
Q

new equation of M dot when no values of diffusion distance, geometry and capicitance coefficients are gievn?

A

= G x deltaP

AP exam one (7 decks)

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