精读2期中 Flashcards
scorn
/skɔːn/
1.the feeling that someone or something is stupid or does not deserve respect
鄙视，蔑视，轻视
SYN contempt
[+ for]
•He felt scorn for his working-class parents. 他鄙视自己工薪阶层的父母。
with scorn
•Rachel looked at me with scorn. 蕾切尔神情蔑视地看着我。
2.pour scorn on sb/sth
to strongly criticize someone or something because you think they do not deserve respect
对某人/某事物嗤之以鼻[不屑一顾]
•Labour poured scorn on the Tory claim to be the party of law and order. 保守党自称是重视法治的政党，工党对此嗤之以鼻。
scorn 2 v. [T ]
1.to show that you think that something is stupid, unreasonable, or not worth accepting鄙视，蔑视；不屑于接受
•Many women scorn the use of make-up. 许多女性不屑于使用化妆品。
2.to criticize someone or something because you think they do not deserve respect批评，抨击
•He scorned the government’s record in dealing with crime. 他对政府在处理犯罪问题上的表现持批评态度。
sniff
sniff 1 /snɪf,snɪf/ v.
/snɪf/
1.[I] to breathe air into your nose noisily, for example when you are crying or have a cold〔因哭泣、感冒等大声地〕以鼻吸气；抽鼻子
•Margaret sniffed miserably and nodded. 玛格丽特可怜地抽泣着点了点头。
•Stop sniffing and blow your nose. 别抽鼻子了，擤一擤鼻涕。
2.[I,T] to breathe air in through your nose in order to smell something嗅，闻
•He opened the milk and sniffed it. 他打开牛奶闻了闻。
[+ at]
•The dog was sniffing at the carpet. 这条狗在嗅地毯。
3.[T] to say something in a way that shows you think something is not good enough
嗤之以鼻地说，轻蔑地说
•‘Is that all?’ she sniffed. “就那些？”她不屑地说道。
PHRVB 短语动词
sniff at sthphr v
1.sth is not to be sniffed at used to say that something is good enough to be accepted or considered seriously
某事值得接受[认真考虑]，某事不可轻视
•An 8% salary increase is not to be sniffed at. 8% 的加薪不可不考虑呀。
2.to refuse something in a proud way, or behave as if something is not good enough for you对…不以为然[不当回事]
•He sniffed at my choice of restaurants and suggested his own favorite. 他对我挑选的餐馆不以为然，提出去他喜欢的那家。
sniff sth ←→ outphr v
1.to discover or find something by its smell
靠嗅觉发现，嗅出
•A customs officer came round with a dog to sniff out drugs. 一名海关官员带了一条狗过来嗅探毒品。
2.to find out or discover something
找出；发现；发觉
•Vic’s been trying to sniff out where you went last night. 维克一直在打听昨晚你去了什么地方。
sniff 2 n. [C ]
1.when you breathe in air noisily through your nose, for example in order to smell something, because you have a cold, or in order to show your disapproval抽鼻子；哼
•a sniff of disapproval 哼一声表示反对
•She gave a loud sniff . 她很响地抽了一下鼻子。
2.informal a small amount or sign of something少许；一丝迹象
SYN hint BrE 【英，非正式】
[+ of]
•He got us into this mess, and then left at the first sniff of trouble ! 他给我们惹了这样的麻烦，然后一看情况不妙就溜之大吉了！
3.have a sniff around/round
informal to examine a place carefully
仔细检查
sneer
/snɪə/
to smile or speak in a very unkind way that shows you have no respect for someone or something冷笑；嘲笑；讥讽
•‘Is that your best outfit?’ he sneered. “那就是你最好的衣服了？”他讥笑道。
[+ at]
•She sneered at Tom’s musical tastes. 她嘲笑汤姆的音乐品位。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
sneering adj
•a sneering tone 嘲笑的口吻
sneeringly adv
sneer 2 n. [C ]
an unkind smile or remark that shows you have no respect for something or someone
冷笑；嘲笑；讥讽
•‘You probably wouldn’t understand,’ he said with a sneer. “你可能明白不了。”他冷笑了一声说道。
assurance
/əˈʃʊərəns/
1.[C] a promise that something will definitely happen or is definitely true, made especially to make someone less worried
担保，保证
•Despite my repeated assurances, Rob still looked very nervous. 尽管我再三保证，罗布看起来还是很紧张。
give/seek/receive an assurance (that)
•He gave an assurance that the work would be completed by Wednesday. 他保证星期三之前把活干完。
2.[U] a feeling of calm confidence about your own abilities, or that you are right about something自信，镇定
•the calm assurance with which she handled the horse 她对付马儿时的从容镇定
•‘Jack will never agree to that,’ he said with assurance. “杰克绝不会同意的。”他肯定地说道。
3.[U] technical insurance, especially to provide money when someone dies
保险，〔尤指〕人寿保险
SYN insurance BrE,AmE 【英，术语】,【美】
→ life assurance
allowance
/əˈlaʊəns/
1.[C usually singular,一般用单数] an amount of money that you are given regularly or for a special purpose
〔定期或出于特殊原因而给予的〕一笔钱；津贴，补助
•Sales staff get a generous mileage allowance or a company car. 销售人员有优厚的里程补贴或者公司提供的专用汽车。
•If you are entitled to sickness allowance, you must claim it from your employer. 你如果有资格领取疾病津贴，必须向雇主申请索要。
a monthly/annual etc allowance
•His father gives him a monthly allowance of £200. 他父亲每月给他200英镑的生活费。
[+ for]
•Do you get an allowance for clothes? 你有服装补贴吗？
2.[C usually singular,一般用单数] an amount of something that is acceptable or safe
允许量，限额
•the recommended daily allowance of Vitamin C 维生素C的每日建议摄入量
•Passengers’ baggage allowance is 75 pounds per person. 乘客行李限重是每人75磅。
3.[C] an amount of money that you can earn without paying tax on it
〔收入的〕免税额
•a new tax allowance 新的免税额度
insurance
/ɪn’ʃʊərəns/
1.[U] an arrangement with a company in which you pay them money, especially regularly, and they pay the costs if something bad happens, for example if you become ill or your car is damaged保险
RELTD assurance third party insurance
→ life insurance
•Your father took out insurance to cover the mortgage. 你父亲购买了抵押借款保险。
health/car/travel etc insurance 健康/汽车/旅游等保险
[+ against]
•insurance against loss of income due to unemployment 失业造成的收入损失保险
[+ on/for]
•Do you have insurance on your house and its contents? 你买住房和家庭财产险了吗？
claim (for) sth on your insurance (=get an insurance company to pay for something)向保险公司索赔某物
•We can probably claim the damage on our insurance. 我们也许可以向保险公司索赔损失。
2.[U] the business of providing insurance
保险业
•My brother works in insurance. 我的兄弟从事保险业。
insurance company/group etc
•the insurance industry 保险业
3.[U] the money that you pay regularly to an insurance company保险费
SYN insurance premium BrE 【英】
[+ on]
•How much is the insurance on your car? 你车子的保险费是多少？
→ national insurance
momentous
/məʊ’mentəs,mə-/
a momentous event, change, or decision is very important because it will have a great influence on the future
〔事件、变化或决定等〕重大的，重要的
THESAURUS important
•a momentous decision 重大决定
•Momentous events are taking place in the US. 美国正在发生重大事件。
•His colleagues all recognized that this was a momentous occasion . 他的同事都认识到这是一个重要时刻。
•one of the most momentous days in British sport 英国体育事业最重要的日子之一
monotonous
/mə'nɒt ə nəs/ boring because of always being the same 单调的，乏味的，一味的 THESAURUS boring •a monotonous diet 单调的饮食 •a little boy who wet his bed with monotonous regularity 一个老是尿床的小男孩 DERIVATIVE 派生词 monotonously adv •The rain poured monotonously out of the grey sky. 灰色的天空中，大雨没完没了地下着。
scope
/skəʊp/
1.[U] the range of things that a subject, activity, book etc deals with〔学科、活动、书籍等的〕范围
•measures to limit the scope of criminals’ activities 限制罪犯活动范围的措施
[+ of]
•the need to define the scope of the investigation 界定调查范围的需要
beyond/outside/within the scope of sth
•A full discussion of that issue is beyond the scope of this book. 全面讨论那个问题不在本书论述范围之内。
widen/broaden/extend etc the scope of sth
•Let us extend the scope of the study to examine more factors. 让我们把研究范围扩大一下，对更多的因素进行考查。
narrow/limit etc the scope of sth
•The court’s ruling narrowed the scope of the affirmative action program. 法庭的裁决缩小了反歧视行动计划的实施范围。
limited/wider etc in scope
•His efforts were too limited in scope to have much effect. 他的努力范围太有限，因而效果不大。
2.[U] the opportunity to do or develop something〔发挥能力的〕机会，施展余地
[+ for]
•The scope for successful gardening increases dramatically with a greenhouse. 有了温室，园艺栽培的成功率就能大大提高。
there is considerable/great/little etc scope for sth
•There is considerable scope for further growth in the economy. 经济还有很大的增长空间。
3.[singular,单数] informal a particular set of activities and the people who are involved in them领域，圈子，界
SYN scene 【非正式】
the music/cinema/club etc scope 乐坛/影坛/俱乐部圈子等
scope 2 v.
PHRVB 短语动词
scope sb/sth ←→ outphr vAmE
to look at something or someone to see what they are like了解，查清，探明
•Let’s go inside and scope out the menu. 我们进去看看菜单。
eminently
/’emɪnəntli/
formal
completely and without a doubt – use this to show approval
非常；完全〔含褒义〕
SYN highly 【正式】
•Woods is eminently suitable for the job. 伍兹完全适合做这份工作。
outstandingly
/aʊt’stændɪŋli/
extremely well
出色地，极好地
•He played outstandingly. 他演奏得极为出色。
•She performed outstandingly well in her examinations. 她在考试中表现得非常出色。
•an outstandingly talented musician 一位才华出众的音乐家
impressively
/im’presivli/
adv. 令人难忘地；感人地
evidently
/’ɛvɪdəntli/
adv. 显然，明显地；清楚地
figurative
/’fɪgərətɪv/
adj. 比喻的；修饰丰富的；形容多的
strain
/streɪn/
1.WORRY 焦虑
[C,U] worry that is caused by having to deal with a problem or work too hard over a long period of time焦虑；紧张
RELTD stress
•I couldn’t look after him any more; the strain was too much for me. 我不能再照看他了，压力太大。
•Did you find the job a strain ? 你觉得这份工作紧张吗？
•the stresses and strains of police life 警察生活的紧张和压力
[+ for]
•The trial has been a terrible strain for both of us. 法庭审判令我们两人都非常焦虑。
[+ on]
•It’s quite a strain on me when he’s drinking heavily. 他喝很多酒时，我就十分担心。
put/place a strain on sb
•The long working hours put a severe strain on employees. 长时间工作使雇员严重焦虑。
under (a) strain
•I know you’ve been under a lot of strain lately. 我知道你最近压力很大。
crack/collapse/buckle etc under the strain (=become unable to deal with a problem or work)因压力大而崩溃
•I could see that she was beginning to crack under the strain. 我能看出她开始承受不了压力了。
2.DIFFICULTY 困难
[C,U] a difficulty or problem that is caused when a person, relationship, organization, or system has too much to do or too many problems to deal with
问题，困难；负担；紧张
[+ on]
•The dry summer has further increased the strain on water resources. 干旱的夏季加剧了水资源紧张的情况。
put/place (a) strain on sth
•The flu epidemic has put a huge strain on the health service. 流感爆发给卫生部门带来巨大的压力。
[+ in]
•The attack has led to strains in the relationship between the two countries. 袭击事件导致两国关系紧张。
under (a) strain
•His marriage was under strain. 他的婚姻关系很紧张。
break/crack/collapse etc under the strain
•The party split under the strain. 在重压之下，这个政党分裂了。
3.FORCE 力,力量
[U] a situation in which something is being pulled or pushed, or is holding weight, and so might break or become damaged
拉力；张力；推力
•These four posts take the strain of the whole structure. 这四根柱子承受着整个结构的压力。
[+ on]
•The strain on the cables supporting the bridge is enormous. 这些支撑桥梁的钢缆所承受的拉力很大。
put/place (a) strain on sth
•Some of these exercises put too much strain on the back muscles. 这些健身动作中有些令背部肌肉负担过重。
break/snap/collapse etc under the strain
•The rope snapped under the strain. 绳子被拉断了。
显示更多
strain 2 v.
1.INJURE 损伤
[T] to injure a muscle or part of your body by using it too much or making it work too hard
拉伤，扭伤，损伤
THESAURUS hurt
•I’ve strained a muscle in my leg. 我的腿有一处肌肉拉伤。
•You’ll strain your eyes trying to read in this light. 在这样的光线下看书会伤眼睛的。
2.EFFORT 努力
[I,T] to try very hard to do something using all your strength or ability
使劲，竭力，用尽全力
strain (sth) to do sth
•She was straining to keep her head above the water. 她竭尽全力将头露出水面。
[+ for]
•Bill choked and gasped, straining for air. 比尔噎住了，喘着气，拼命呼吸着。
strain your ears/eyes (=try very hard to hear or see)努力地听/看
•I strained my ears, listening for any sound in the silence of the cave. 我侧耳倾听寂静的山洞里有些什么声音。
3.LIQUID 液体
[T] to separate solid things from a liquid by pouring the mixture through something with very small holes in it滤，过滤
RELTD sieve
•She strained the pasta. 她把意大利面滤干水。
blink
/blɪŋk/
1.[I,T] to shut and open your eyes quickly
眨（眼）
•I blinked as I came out into the sunlight. 我走出来，在太阳光下直眨眼睛。
2.[I] if lights blink, they shine unsteadily or go on and off quickly〔灯光〕时闪时灭，闪烁
•The light on your answering machine is blinking. 你电话答录机上的指示灯在闪。
3.not (even) blink
to not seem at all surprised丝毫不惊奇
•When I told her how much it would cost, she didn’t even blink. 当我告诉她这个要多少钱时，她甚至连眼睛都没眨一下。
blink 2 n.
1.on the blink
spoken not working properly
失灵，出毛病
•My computer’s on the blink again. 我的电脑又出问题了。
2.in the blink of an eye
very quickly
一眨眼工夫，转眼之间
3.[C] the action of quickly shutting and opening your eyes眨眼
mask
/mɑːsk/
1.something that covers all or part of your face, to protect or to hide it
面具；面罩；口罩
•a surgical face mask 外科手术口罩
•He was attacked and robbed by two people wearing masks . 他被两个蒙面人袭击并抢劫。
2.something that covers your face, and has another face painted on it, which is used for ceremonies or special occasions
假面具，假面
•a Halloween mask 万圣节面具
3.[usually singular,一般用单数] an expression or way of behaving that hides your real emotions or character
伪装；掩饰
SYN front
•Her sarcasm is a mask for her insecurity. 她讽刺挖苦是为了掩饰她的不安全感。
→ death mask → gas mask
mask 2 v. [T ]
1.if a smell, taste, sound etc is masked by a stronger one, it cannot be noticed because of the stronger one盖住〔气味、味道、声音等〕
THESAURUS hide
•Liz turned on a radio to mask the noise. 利兹打开收音机来盖过噪音。
•Air-fresheners mask bad smells instead of removing them. 空气清新器只是掩盖住臭味，而不是除掉臭味。
2.to hide your feelings or the truth about a situation掩饰，隐瞒，掩盖
•Men often mask their true feelings with humour. 男人常常用幽默来掩饰他们真实的情感。
3.to cover or hide something so that it cannot be clearly seen遮盖，遮住
•The new accommodation block has all but masked the original building. 新的宿舍楼几乎把原来的大楼挡住了。
withhold
/wɪð’həʊld, wɪθ-/
pp: withheld pt: withheld
to refuse to give someone something
拒绝给予，扣留
•I withheld payment until they had completed the work. 我扣着钱，直到他们完工。
•Ian was accused of withholding vital information from the police. 伊恩被控向警方隐瞒重要信息。
discharge
/dɪs’tʃɑːdʒ/
1.SEND SB AWAY 让某人走
[T] to officially allow someone to leave somewhere, especially the hospital or the army, navy etc, or to tell them that they must leave正式准许〔某人〕离开〔尤指让病人出院或让军人退伍等〕；通知〔病人〕出院；开除〔士兵〕军籍
•Hospitals now tend to discharge patients earlier than in the past. 与过去相比，现在医院更趋向于让病人早些出院。
•The judge discharged the jury. 法官解散了陪审团。
discharge sb from sth
•Several of the recruits were discharged from the Army due to medical problems. 几名新兵因健康问题而被命令退伍了。
discharge yourself (=leave hospital before your treatment is complete)擅自出院
conditionally discharge sb (=let someone leave prison if they obey particular rules)有条件释放某人
•Dunning was conditionally discharged for two years. 邓宁被有条件释放两年。
2.GAS/LIQUID/SMOKE ETC 气体/液体/烟等
[I always + adv/prep, T] to send out gas, liquid, smoke etc, or to allow it to escape
放出，排出
discharge sth into sth
•Sewage is discharged directly into the sea. 污水被直接排放到海里。
[+ into]
•Rainwater collects here and then discharges into the river Kennett. 雨水在这里汇集，然后排放到肯尼特河中。
3.SHOOT 射出
[T] formal to fire a gun or shoot an arrow etc
开〔枪或炮〕；射〔箭〕
•A soldier accidentally discharged his weapon. 一名士兵不小心枪走了火。
dis‧charge 2 /’dɪstʃɑːdʒ,ˋdɪstʃɑrdʒ/ n.
英 /’dɪstʃɑːdʒ/
formal 【正式】
1.[U] when you officially allow someone to leave somewhere, especially the hospital or their job in the army, navy etc
准许离开；出院；退伍
→ dishonourable discharge → honorable discharge
[+ from]
•Nurses visit the mother and baby for two weeks after their discharge from the hospital. 母婴出院后护士将随访两周。
2.[C,U] when gas, liquid, smoke etc is sent out, or the substance that is sent out
〔气体、液体、烟等的〕排放；排放物
[+ of]
•the discharge of toxic waste into the sea 有毒废物向海里的排放
3.[C,U] when a substance slowly comes out of a wound or part of your body, or the substance that comes out
〔伤口或身体液体的〕排出，流出；排出物，流出物
swarm
/swɔːm/
1.a large group of insects, especially bee s ,moving together
成群移动的昆虫；〔尤指〕蜂群
2.a crowd of people who are moving quickly
〔迅速移动的〕人群
[+ of]
•Swarms of tourists jostled through the square. 一群群游客推推搡搡地穿过广场。
swarm 2 v. [I ]
1.[always + adv/prep] if people swarm somewhere, they go there as a large uncontrolled crowd
成群结队地移动，蜂拥，涌往
•Photographers were swarming around the princess. 摄影师们一窝蜂地围在公主身边。
2.if bee s swarm, they leave a hive (= place where they live ) in a large group to look for another home
〔蜜蜂〕成群飞离蜂巢〔寻觅新巢〕
PHRVB 短语动词
swarm with sb/sthphr v
to be full of a moving crowd of people or animals挤满〔移动的人群或动物〕
•The museum was swarming with tourists. 博物馆里挤满了观光客。
apathetic
/ˌæpəˈθetɪk◂/
not interested in something, and not willing to make any effort to change or improve things无兴趣的；冷淡的；无动于衷的
•She felt too apathetic even to move. 她毫无兴趣，甚至连动都不想动。
[+ about]
•How can you be so apathetic about the world and its problems? 你怎么能对这个世界以及其中存在的问题如此无动于衷？
DERIVATIVE 派生词
apathetically adv /-kḷɪ ; -kli /
endorse
/ɪn’dɔːs/
1.to express formal support or approval for someone or something(正式)赞同，认可，支持
THESAURUS support
endorse a proposal/an idea/a candidate etc
•The Prime Minister is unlikely to endorse this view. 首相不可能赞同这一观点。
2.if a famous person endorses a product or service, they say in an advertisement that they use and like it
〔名人在广告中〕宣传〔某一产品或服务〕
THESAURUS recommend
3.to sign your name on the back of a cheque to show that it is correct
〔在支票背面〕签名，背书
DERIVATIVE 派生词
endorsement n [C,U]
•celebrity endorsements 名人所作的宣传
•the official endorsement of his candidacy 对他候选人资格的官方认可
object
/’ɒbdʒɪkt/
1.THING 东西
[C] a solid thing that you can hold, touch, or see but that is not alive实物，物体
THESAURUS thing
→ ufo
•an everyday object such as a spoon 调羹之类的日常用品
•a small metal object 一个小金属物件
•scientists studying plants, animals, or inanimate objects 研究植物、动物或无生命物体的科学家
2.AIM 目标
[singular,单数] the purpose of a plan, action, or activity目的，目标；宗旨
RELTD goal aim
•My object was to explain the decision simply. 我的目的是要简单明了地解释这一决定。
•The customer will benefit most, and that is the object of the exercise (= the purpose of what you are doing ). 客户将是最大的受益者，这正是此举的目的。
[+ of]
•The object of the game is to improve children’s math skills. 这项游戏旨在提高儿童的数学技能。
3.an object of pity/desire/ridicule etc
someone or something that is pitied, wanted etc怜悯/渴望/嘲弄等的对象
→ sex object
•She feared becoming an object of ridicule. 她害怕成为人们嘲笑的对象。
•sports cars and other objects of desire 跑车及其他人们渴望拥有的东西
•an object of study 研究的对象
ob‧ject 2 /əb’dʒekt,əbˋdʒɛkt/ v. S2
英 /əb’dʒekt/
1.[I] to feel or say that you oppose or disapprove of something反对，不赞成
THESAURUS complain
•If no one objects, I would like Mrs Harrison to be present. 如果没人反对的话，我想请哈里森夫人出席。
object to (doing) sth
•Robson strongly objected to the terms of the contract. 罗伯森强烈反对合同中的条款。
•I objected to having to rewrite the article. 我反对重写这篇文章。
I object (= <em>used in formal arguments, for example in a court of law</em> ) 我反对〔用于法庭等正式辩论中〕
•Mr Chairman, I object. That is an unfair allegation. 主席先生，我反对。这项指控不公正。
2.[T] to state a fact or opinion as a reason for opposing or disapproving of something
提出…作为反对的理由；反对说
•‘My name’s not Sonny,’ the child objected. “我的名字不叫小家伙。”那孩子反驳道。
object that
•The group objected that the policy would prevent patients from receiving the best treatment. 该团体反对说，这一政策会使病人得不到最佳的治疗。
→ objector
assume
/əˈsjuːm/
1.to think that something is true, although you do not have definite proof假定，假设，认为
SYN presume
•I think we can safely assume (= it is almost certain ) that interest rates will go up again soon. 我想我们几乎可以肯定，利率很快会再次上调。
•When it got to midnight and Paul was still not back, I began to assume the worst (= think that the worst possible thing had happened ) . 到午夜时保罗还没回来，我就开始往最坏的地方想了。
assume (that)
•I didn’t see your car, so I assumed you’d gone out. 我没有看见你的汽车，所以我以为你出去了。
it is/seems reasonable to assume (that)
•It seems reasonable to assume that the book was written around 70 AD. 认为这本书写于公元70年前后似乎有道理。
let us/let’s assume (that) (=used when thinking about a possible event or situation and its possible results)我们假设
•Let us assume for a moment that we could indeed fire her. Should we? 我们暂且假设真的能开除她，我们是不是该那样做？
2.assume control/responsibility etc
formal to start to have control, responsibility etc or to start in a particular position or job
开始掌管/承担责任等
•Whoever they appoint will assume responsibility for all financial matters. 不管他们任命的是谁，他都要负责财务方面的所有事务。
•He assumed power in a bloody coup in 1990. 他在1990年一场血腥的政变中上台。
•Jim Paton will assume the role of managing director. 吉姆·帕顿将出任常务董事一职。
3.assume a manner/air/expression etc
formal to behave in a way that does not show how you really feel, especially in order to seem more confident, happy etc than you are假装[装出]…的态度/样子/表情等
SYN put on 【正式】
•Andy assumed an air of indifference whenever her name was mentioned. 每次提到她的名字，安迪都装出无所谓的样子。
peril
/’perɪl,’perəl/
1.[U] literary or formal great danger, especially of being harmed or killed巨大的危险
•a voyage that was fraught with peril 历尽艰险的旅程
in peril
•They put their own lives in peril to rescue their friends. 他们不顾自身安危去营救朋友。
great/grave/serious peril
•The economy is now in grave peril. 经济目前处于严重危机中。
2.[C usually plural,一般用复数] literary or formal a danger or problem in a particular activity or situation
〔某活动或情况的〕危险
•the perils posed by mountaineering 登山运动的危险
[+ of]
•the perils of the sea 大海的凶险
3.do sth at your peril
used to say that what someone is intending to do is dangerous or could cause them problems做某事要自担风险〔用于告诫某人他打算做的事情很危险〕
•Politicians ignore this issue at their peril. 政客们无视这个问题就要自担风险。
plights
/plaɪt/ a very bad situation that someone is in 困境，苦境 •the country’s economic plight 该国的经济困境 [+ of] •the desperate plight of the flood victims 洪水灾民的绝境 plight 2 v. plight your troth old use to promise someone that you will marry them许婚；承诺结婚
enormity
/ɪ’nɔːmɪti,ɪ’nɔːməti/
pl: enmities
1.[singular,单数] the great size, seriousness, or difficulty of a situation, problem, event etc
〔处境、问题、事件等的〕艰巨；严重性
[+ of]
•Even now, the full enormity of his crimes has not been exposed. 甚至到现在为止，他那些罪行的严重性还是没有被揭穿。
•the enormity of the task 这项任务的艰巨性
2.[C usually plural,一般用复数] formal a very evil and cruel act
凶残的暴行，滔天罪行
SYN atrocity 【正式】
humility
/hjuː'mɪlɪti,hjuː'mɪləti/ the quality of not being too proud about yourself – use this to show approval 谦逊，谦恭〔含褒义〕 RELTD humble SYN modesty
guilty
/’ɡɪlti/
1.ASHAMED 羞愧的
feeling very ashamed and sad because you know that you have done something wrong
羞愧的，内疚的
•She looked self-conscious and guilty. 她看上去很不自然，很内疚的样子。
•It was his guilty conscience that made him offer to help. 他是因为良心上过意不去才提出帮忙的。
[+ about/at]
•I feel really guilty at forgetting her birthday again. 我又忘记了她的生日，心里非常内疚。
2.OF A CRIME 犯罪的
having done something that is a crime
犯了罪的，有罪的
OPP innocent
•He was found not guilty of the death of PC Jones. 关于警员琼斯的死，他被判无罪。
•He pleaded guilty to two charges of theft. 他承认两项盗窃罪名。
[+ of]
•The jury found her guilty of murder. 陪审团裁定她谋杀罪名成立。
3.responsible for behaviour that is morally or socially unacceptable有过错的，有过失的
be guilty of doing sth
•Some journalists are guilty of reporting scandal in order to sell papers. 有些记者为增加报纸销量而去报道丑闻，这种做法不对。
THESAURUS 词语辨析 – MEANING 义项 2
1.guilty 犯罪的，有罪的
if someone is guilty of a crime or doing something wrong, they did it, and they should be punished for it
•She was found guilty of murder. 她被裁定犯有谋杀罪。•
He was guilty of serious misconduct. 他犯有严重失职罪。
2.responsible 〔对坏事〕负有责任的，应承担责任的
used when saying who should be blamed for something bad that has happened
•Police believe a local gang is responsible for the burglaries. 警方认为这几起入室盗窃案是当地一个团伙所为。
•As manager, he is ultimately responsible for the failure of the project. 身为经理，他应当对项目的失败承担最终责任。
3.be to blame 负有责任
if someone is to blame for a bad situation, they are responsible
•The government is partly to blame for the crisis. 政府对这场危机负有部分责任。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
guiltily adv
REGISTER 语体
In everyday English, people often say that they feel bad about something rather than say that they feel guilty about it. 在日常英语中，人们常说feel bad about something，而不说feel guilty about something
•I feel bad about leaving him on his own. 让他独自一人留下我感到内疚。
harness
/’hɑːnɪs,’hɑːnəs/
1.a set of leather bands used to control a horse or to attach it to a vehicle it is pulling
〔马的〕挽具，马具
2.a set of bands used to hold someone in a place or to stop them from falling
〔把人固定在一处或防止其坠落的〕系带
•a safety harness 安全带
3.in harness
doing your usual work做正常工作
•I felt glad to be back in harness. 我很高兴又回来正常工作了。
harness 2 v. [T ]
1.to control and use the natural force or power of something控制[利用]〔自然力等〕•
We can harness the power of the wind to generate electricity. 我们可以利用风力发电。
2.to fasten two animals together, or to fasten an animal to something using a harness
将〔两只动物〕拴在一起；将〔动物〕拴到…上
3.to put a harness on a horse
给〔马〕套上挽具
haul
/hɔːl/
1.to pull something heavy with a continuous steady movement
拖，拉
THESAURUS pull
•the steam locomotive which hauled the train 拖动火车的蒸汽机车
•I hauled the door shut behind me. 我用力拽上了门。
haul sth off/onto/out of etc sth
•She hauled her backpack onto her back. 她背上沉重的背包。
2.haul yourself up/out of etc sth
to move somewhere with a lot of effort, especially because you are injured or tired 吃力地挪向/走出〔某处〕等
•Patrick hauled himself painfully up the stairs. 帕特里克拖着沉重的步伐痛苦地走上楼梯。
to succeed in achieving a higher position in society, in a competition etc 提高〔社会地位、比赛中的排名等〕
•He is confident that the club can haul themselves further up the league. 他肯定那家俱乐部在联赛中的排名还会提前。
3.haul sb over the coals
to criticize someone severely because they have done something wrong
狠狠责备[训斥]某人
SYN rake sb over the coals BrE,AmE 【英】,【美】
PHRVB 短语动词
haul sb offphr v
1.
to force someone to go somewhere that they do not want to go, especially to prison
强迫〔某人〕去某处；〔尤指〕押送〔某人〕至监狱
•Police handcuffed him and hauled him off to jail. 警察给他戴上手铐，把他押送至监狱。
haul sb upphr v
1.to officially bring someone to a court of law to be judged
传讯〔某人〕，把〔某人〕送上法庭受审
•Campbell was hauled up in front of the magistrate.坎贝尔被移交地方法庭审判。
haul 2 n. [C ]
1.a large amount of illegal or stolen goods
〔一大批〕非法物品，赃物
•The gang escaped with a haul worth hundreds of pounds. 匪徒带着价值几百英镑的赃物逃跑了。
[+ of]
•A haul of stolen cars has been seized by police officers. 一批被盗汽车被警察截获。
2.long/slow haul
something that takes a lot of time and effort
耗时费力的事
•
At last we’ve won our freedom but it’s beena long bitter haul. 我们终于赢得了自由，但这是一个漫长而艰难的过程。
3.for the long haul
until something that will take a long time is done or achieved
直到最后
•I’m in this for the long haul (= going to stay involved until the end ). 这事我要坚持到底。
compress
/kəm’pres/
[I,T] to press something or make it smaller so that it takes up less space, or to become smaller压紧；压缩
•Light silk is best for parachutes, as it compresses well and then expands rapidly. 轻质丝绸最适合制作降落伞，因为这种面料便于压缩，而且展开迅速。
•Isobel nodded, her lips compressed. 伊索贝尔紧闭着双唇点了点头。
•The miners used rock drills and compressed air to drive through hard rock. 矿工使用钻岩机和压缩空气来凿穿坚硬的岩石。
compress sth into sth
•Snow falling on the mountainsides is compressed into ice. 落在山坡上的雪被压成了冰。
2.[I,T] to make a computer file smaller by using a special computer program , which makes the file easier to store or send, or to become smaller in this way压缩〔计算机文件〕
•The program compresses any data saved to the disk. 该程序会压缩所有储存在磁盘上的信息。
3.[T] to write or express something using fewer words压缩〔文字或话语〕
SYN condense
compress sth into sth
•In this chapter we compress into summary form the main issues discussed so far. 在这一章节里，我们把到目前为止所讨论的主要问题压缩成概要形式。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
compressible adj
compression n /-ˋprɛʃən ; -‘preʃ ə n / [U]
•data compression 数据压缩
com‧press 2 /’kɒmpres,ˋkɑmprɛs/ n. [C ]
英 /’kɒmpres/
a small thick piece of material that you put on part of someone’s body to stop blood flowing out or to make it less painful
〔用以止血或止痛的〕敷布，压布
cold/hot compress
•Apply a cold compress to the injury. 在受伤的地方敷上一块冷敷布。
compile
/kəm’paɪl/
1.to make a book, list, record etc, using different pieces of information, music etc
编写，编纂；编制；汇编
RELTD compilation
•The document was compiled by the Department of Health. 这份文件是由卫生部汇编的。
compile sth from/for sth
•The report was compiled from a survey of 5,000 households. 这份报告是根据对5,000个家庭所作的调查编写而成的。
2.technical to put a set of instructions into a computer in a form that it can understand and use编译〔计算机用语〕
embedded
/ɪmˈbɛdɪd/
adj. 嵌入式的；植入的；内含的
v. 嵌入（embed的过去式和过去词形式）
trivial
/'trɪviəl/ not serious, important, or valuable 微不足道的，没有什么价值的 THESAURUS unimportant •a trivial sum 一笔极小的金额 •Her feelings for Simon seemed trivial by comparison . 相比之下，她对西蒙的感情就显得微不足道了。 trivial problem/matter/complaint etc •We were punished for the most trivial offences. 我们稍有过错就会受到惩罚。
assorted
/əˈsɔːtɪd, əˈsɔːtəd/ adj. 组合的；各种各样的；混杂的 v. 把…分等级；把…归为一类（assort的过去分词） of various different types 各种各样的 •paintbrushes in assorted sizes 各种大小的画笔 •assorted vegetables 各种各样的蔬菜 → ill-assorted
obedient
/ə’biːdiənt/
1.always doing what you are told to do, or what the law, a rule etc says you must do
服从的，顺从的，听话的
OPP disobedient
•an obedient child 听话的孩子
[+ to]
•citizens who are obedient to the law 遵纪守法的公民
2.your obedient servant
old use a phrase used to end a very formal letter
您恭顺的仆人〔正式信函的结尾用语〕
REGISTER 语体
In everyday English, people usually say that a child is good rather than obedient.
在日常英语中，形容孩子时一般说good，而不说obedient
•The children were all very good. 这些孩子都很乖。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
obediently adv
coarse
/kɔːs/ 1.having a rough surface that feels slightly hard粗的，粗糙的 OPP smooth SYN rough THESAURUS rough •a jacket of coarse wool 粗羊毛夹克衫 2.consisting of threads or parts that are thick or large粗线条构成的；粗的 OPP fine •The coarse sand was hot and rough under her feet. 她脚下的粗沙又烫又硌脚。 •tufts of coarse grass 一丛丛粗草 3.talking in a rude and offensive way, especially about sex 粗鲁的；粗俗的；猥亵的 SYN crude •coarse jokes 粗俗的玩笑 DERIVATIVE 派生词 coarsely adv •coarsely ground black pepper 粗磨黑胡椒粉 coarseness n [U]
bygone
/ˈbaɪɡɒn/ bygone age/era/days etc a period of time in the past 过去的时期/年代/岁月等 •The buildings reflect the elegance of a bygone era. 这些建筑物反映了过去年代的典雅。
frustration
/frʌ’streɪʃ ə n/
1.[C,U] the feeling of being annoyed, upset, or impatient, because you cannot control or change a situation, or achieve something懊丧，懊恼，沮丧
•People often feel a sense of frustration that they are not being promoted quickly enough. 人们经常有一种挫折感，就是觉得自己升职不够快。
•In spite of his frustrations, he fell in love with the country. 尽管失意，但他还是爱上了这个国家。
in/with frustration
•I was practically screaming with frustration. 我懊恼得几乎要大叫起来。
2.[U] the fact of being prevented from achieving what you are trying to achieve
受挫，受阻，挫败
[+ of]
•The frustration of his ambitions made him a bitter man. 壮志未酬使他成了个牢骚满腹的人。
eligible
/’elɪdʒɪbəl,’elɪdʒəbəl/
1.someone who is eligible for something is able or allowed to do it, for example because they are the right age合格的；有资格的
[+ for]
•Students on a part-time course are not eligible for a loan. 非全日制课程的学生没有资格申请贷款。
eligible to do sth
•Over 500,000 18-year-olds will become eligible to vote this year. 今年将有超过50万人年满18岁，获得投票资格。
2.[only before noun,仅用于名词前] an eligible man or woman would be good to marry because they are rich, attractive, and not married〔作为婚姻对象〕合意的，合适的
•Stephen was regarded as an eligible bachelor. 斯蒂芬被认为是一个钻石王老五。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
eligibility n /͵ɛlədʒəˋbɪlɪtɪ ; ‚elɪdʒɪ’bɪlɪti,‚elɪdʒɪ’bɪləti,‚elɪdʒə’bɪlɪti,‚elɪdʒə’bɪləti,‚elədʒə’bɪləti,‚elədʒə’bɪlɪti,‚elədʒɪ’bɪləti,‚elədʒɪ’bɪlɪti / [U]
permissible
/pə'mɪsɪb ə l,pə'mɪsəb ə l/ formal allowed by law or by the rules 〔法律或规定〕允许的，许可的，准许的 OPP impermissible SYN allowable 【正式】 •the maximum permissible level of radiation 允许的最大辐射水平
abandon
/əˈbændən/
1.to leave someone, especially someone you are responsible for
抛弃，遗弃〔某人〕
RELTD abandoned
•How could she abandon her own child? 她怎么能抛弃自己的孩子呢？
2.to go away from a place, vehicle etc permanently, especially because the situation makes it impossible for you to stay
离弃，逃离〔某地方、交通工具等〕
RELTD abandoned
SYN leave
•We had to abandon the car and walk the rest of the way. 我们只好弃车，步行走完剩下的路。
•Fearing further attacks, most of the population had abandoned the city. 因为害怕还要受到袭击，大多数市民已逃离该市。
3.to stop doing something because there are too many problems and it is impossible to continue放弃，中止
•The game had to be abandoned due to bad weather. 由于天气不好，比赛不得不中止。
•They abandoned their attempt to recapture the castle. 他们放弃了夺回城堡的努力。
•Because of the fog they abandoned their idea of driving. 因为有雾，他们打消了开车去的念头。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
abandonment n [U]
abandon 2 n. [U ]
if someone does something with abandon, they behave in a careless or uncontrolled way, without thinking or caring about what they are doing尽情；放任
with reckless/wild abandon
•They drank and smoked with reckless abandon. 他们纵情地喝酒抽烟，毫无顾忌。
kick oneself for doing
1.[美国英语]严厉自责
2.美国口语自责；感到懊悔；遗憾；内疚：
Mother kicked herself for what she had said.
母亲为她说过的话感到懊悔。
compulsory
/kəm’pʌls ə ri/
something that is compulsory must be done because it is the law or because someone in authority orders you to
规定的；强制的，强迫的；义务的
RELTD voluntary
THESAURUS necessary
•the threat of compulsory redundancies 强制性裁员的威胁
•Car insurance is compulsory. 汽车保险是强制性的。
compulsory schooling/education
•11 years of compulsory education 11年制义务教育
DERIVATIVE 派生词
compulsorily adv
