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1. Anatomy and Physiology > 2. Cells and Tissues > Flashcards

2. Cells and Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are three things that the lipid bilayer is highly permeable to?

A
  1. O2
  2. CO2
  3. steroids
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2
Q

What are 2 things that the lipid bilayer is moderately permeable to?

A
  1. Water
  2. Urea
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3
Q

Define Concentration gradient and Electric Gradient

A

Concentration gradient: The difference in concentration of a CHEMICAL in and out of cell
Electrical gradient: The difference in concentration
of an ION in and out of cell

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4
Q

What are the two general types of transport across the membrane?

A

Active and passive

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5
Q

Describe passive processes

A
  1. Substance moving from higher to lower concentration (down electrochemical gradient)
  2. Requires no energy
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6
Q

What are 3 examples of passive processes?

A
  1. Simple diffusion
  2. Facilitated diffusion (requires ion channel)
  3. Osmosis
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7
Q

Describe Active processes

A

Requires cellular energy to move a substance against electrochemical gradient

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8
Q

What are 3 types of active processes?

A
  1. Active transport (NaK pump)
  2. Vesicular transport
  3. Endo/exocytosis
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9
Q

What are 3 functions of connective tissue?

A
  1. Stores fat (energy)
  2. Binds together, supports, and strengthens other tissue
  3. Main source of immune responses
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10
Q

What are the 5 types of mature connective tissue?

A
  1. Loose connective tissue (adipose)
  2. Dense Connective tissue
  3. Cartilage
  4. Bone Tissue (compact/cortical and spongy/trabecular)
  5. Liquid connective tissue (blood and lymph)
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11
Q

What are the 3 types of dense connective tissue?

A
  1. Tendons
  2. Ligaments
  3. Aponeuroses
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12
Q

What are the three types of cartilage connective tissue?

A
  1. Hyaline Cartilage
  2. Fibrocartilage
  3. Elastic Cartilage
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13
Q

What is a strain?

A

Damage to tendon

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14
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Damage to ligament

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15
Q

Define tendon and ligament (what they join to)

A

Tendon: Joins muscle to bone
-Fibres run parallel
Ligament: Joins bone to bone
-Fibres crisscross

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16
Q

Define aponeuroses

A

They are sheetlike tendons that connect MUSCLE TO MUSCLE or MUSCLE TO BONE

17
Q

What is the strongest type of cartilage?

A

Fibrocartilage

18
Q

What type of connective tissue does not have blood vessels or nerves in the ECM?

A

Cartilage

19
Q

Give 3 examples of fibrocartilage

A

Pubic symphysis, meniscus, IV discs

20
Q

Give 2 examples of hyaline cartilage

A

Ribs, nose

21
Q

Give 2 examples of Elastic Cartilage

A

Epiglottis, part of the ear

1. Anatomy and Physiology (10 decks)

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