2. Core knowledge

Question 1

Who came up with core knowledge

Answer 1

Spelke

Question 2

What is core knowledge

Answer 2

modularity nativism, small number of innate specialized mechanisms underlie cog

Question 3

Candidates for core knowledge

Answer 3

object cognotion (solidity/continuity)
number (approximayte quantity/ratio)
agents and intention
social group affiliation (preference for lang)

Question 4

Module features

Answer 4

elemental, early emerge, universal, coherence across tasks, similar in animals

Question 5

Geometric computation module

Answer 5

Rats use geo to orient, not landmarks!
So do infants!
NOT bc can’t remember landmarks/boring
evolutionarily old module used (in rats!)

Question 6

TWO different geo systems

Answer 6

Mature geo integrates two systems
Distance and Direction
Form and Angle
Corr. within

Question 7

Abstract knowledge

Answer 7

abstract over patterns, generlizations
Headturn pref. procedure - look at light = hear stimulus, look away, stop stim, see looking time

Question 8

Syllable Abstraction

Answer 8

Infants prefer stimuli with a new rule
shows learned a rule!
Gerken study on how know what to pay attention to
If hear AA”DI”, cant abstract to AAB

Question 9

Infants probability

Answer 9

Look longer at more improbable events (ball bouncing occluder)
Understand likelihoods and correspond to actual likelihoods

Question 10

Do infants think it’s them or the world

Answer 10

Gweon Schulz study with faulty toy
if one lone experiment fails 50%, infants choose another toy
if two experiments both fairly 50%, choose another toy
if two experiments, one 100%, other 0%, hand toy to MOM

Question 11

Causal analysis

Answer 11

Blickets Gopnik study
Understand causal analysis of blicket detector IS NOT simple association due to same chance of noise but diff scenarios diff conclusions
NOT blocking because backward blocking gave diff results,
USE BASE RATES, if blickets rare, 4yos MORE LIKELY SAY GREEN ISN’T BLICKET
4YO USE BASE RATE NOT 3YO

Question 12

Function computation

Answer 12

Can understand one function (one change)
but can’t do function of function
think of it as only the second function
f(g(x)) = f(x)

Question 13

How direct attention

Answer 13

Towards medium complexity
too simple boring
too complex too much to glean a pattern from

Question 14

Learning from violation

Answer 14

Learn facts about objects that violated spelke conditions
PAID ATTENTION/LEARN from violators
not from non-violators
play more with violator
WANT TO INVESTIGATE SURPRISING

Question 15

Consistency in exploration

Answer 15

If looked longer at surprising when 11 months
correlated with looking time at 17 months
NO CORRELATION for non-violators
correlated time for violators

Question 16

Uncertainty in infants

Answer 16

Children know when they are uncertain
look to mom when can and are unsure about task

Question 17

Testing info hypothesis

Answer 17

Bayes Rule
p(a|b) = p(a) x p(b|a)
Good to idenitfy and create structure from data
Kemp/Tenenbaum said that we can create strcutural info constraints from general prob. inferences like bayes