2 - Describing Pub Health

Question 1

Mortality

Answer 1

Death or state of being subject to death. Used to determine no. People died within a population.

Question 2

Eqn for crude death rate

Answer 2

No. Deaths/no. At risk of dying

Question 3

Age-specific death rate

Answer 3

Death rate for specific group of population

Question 4

Proportionate mortality

Answer 4

No. Deaths from given cause, per 100 or 1000 total deaths

Question 5

Infant mortality

Answer 5

Rate of death in kids during 1st year of life

Question 6

Child mortality

Answer 6

Death rate in kids aged 1-4 yrs

Question 7

Maternal mortality

Answer 7

Death rate in mother from causes associated w/ pregnancy/childbirth

Question 8

Adult mortality rate

Answer 8

Probability of dying between 15-60 yrs per 1000 total deaths

Question 9

Life expectancy

Answer 9

Average no. Years individual of given age expected to life if current mortality rates continue

Question 10

Age-standardised mortality rates

Answer 10

Summary measure of death rate that population would have if had standard age structure

Question 11

Morbidity

Answer 11

Any departure from state of physiological or psychological wellbeing (eg: depression, arthritis etc.)

Question 12

Disability

Answer 12

Any temporary or permanent reduction of individual’s capacity to function

Question 13

Incidence

Answer 13

New cases of disease, event or death

Question 14

Cumulative incidence

Answer 14

Proportion of new cases within a specific time period

= no. Cases during specified time period/number at risk (disease free) at start of period

Question 15

What can cumulative incidence range from?

Answer 15

0-1

Question 16

Incidence rate

Answer 16

‘Speed’ at which disease occurs

= no. New cases/total person time of observation or risk

Question 17

What does incidence rate range from?

Answer 17

0-infinity

Question 18

Person-time

Answer 18

Actual time at risk that all participants contribute to study

Question 19

Prevalence

Answer 19

Frequency of an existing condition/disease at one point in time during given period

= no. Cases of disease present in population/no. Persons in population

Question 20

Eqn for prevalence if stationary population and low prevalence

Answer 20

= incidence rate x average duration of disease

Question 21

what are the measures of morbidity?

Answer 21

PYLL
QALYs
DALYs -> YLL or YLD

Question 22

Potential years of life lost (PYLL)

Answer 22

Measure of years of potential life lost before certain age

= (total deaths from specific cause in each age group) x (av no. Years of life lost as result of each death)

Question 23

Quality adjusted life years QALYs

Answer 23

Weigh each year of life by perceived quality of life from value of 1 (perfect) to 0