2: Introduction II Flashcards
1
Q
Differential reproduction
A
When individuals leave more offspring because they are better suited for the environment
2
Q
Podarcis sicula
A
- Showed how a shift to a new food source caused evolutionary change in the animal’s feeding related adaptations
- relocate lizards where diet shifts from insect to plant diet
- over 30 generations, lizards began to show evolutionary changed (bigger head for increased bite strength and increased cecum)
3
Q
Adaptations
A
particular traits saved by natural selection because of contribution into reproductive success in previous generations
4
Q
Engineer vs. Tinkerer
A
- Engineers have clean slate and make things from new materials
- Tinkerers make things out of leftover materials
- Selection is like a tinkerer; it cannot make new alternative but instead chooses from those that already exist.
5
Q
How do new alternatives arise in a population?
A
Mutations
6
Q
Homology
A
- Similar structure revealing shared ancestry
- ex. arms bones in humans, whales, and bats are similar but have modified to fit environment
7
Q
Development
A
Expression (during lifetime) of fixed suite of genetic recipes
8
Q
Rate of evolutionary change governed by
A
- Generation times
- Strength of selection
- Amount of variation selection has to choose from (more alternative selection = faster)
