2. kidney, bladder, and suprarenal gland

Question 1

Three separate kidneys that develop

Answer 1

pronephros (1st; non-functional)
MESOnephros (2nd; functional)
METAnephros (3rd; functioning, “true kidney”)

Question 2

When does pronephros appear?

Answer 2

4th week, then degenerates

pronephros acts as a template and does not function

Question 3

When does mesonephros appear?

Answer 3

late 4th week, functional until weeks 11 & 12 when it is remodelled (male genitalia)

Question 4

When does metanephros appear?

Answer 4

5th week, functional and definitive (becomes adult kidney)

Question 5

What do the nephrons consist of?

Answer 5

Glomeruli (capillaries) - dorsal aorta
Bowman’s capsule - Intermediate Mesoderm
Mesonephric tubules - IM

Question 6

Where does the ureteric bud (metanephric duct/diverticulum) grow from?

Answer 6

out growth from the mesonephric duct

Question 7

Where is the metanephric blastema derived from?

Answer 7

from the nephrogenic cord (intermediate mesoderm)

Question 8

What does the ureteric bud consist of?

Answer 8

Ureter
Pelvis
Major and inor calyces
collecting tubules

Question 9

What does the metanephric blastema consist of?

Answer 9

Renal vesicles
bowman’s capsule
proximal and distal convoluted tubules
loop of henle

all from nephrogenic cord (IM)

Question 10

How are the major and minor calyces formed?

Answer 10

by branching and coalescing

Question 11

Where does the nephron of the metanephros originate?

Answer 11

originates as a vesicle within the blastemic cap (metanephric blastema)

Question 12

Renal agenesis could be due to what?

Answer 12

failure of metanephros?

ureteric bud or metanephric blastema does not receive signals and regresses?

Question 13

Duplex kidney is due to what?

Answer 13

abnormal division of ureteric bud

Question 14

When do the kidneys reach an adult position?

Answer 14

9th week

Question 15

What causes the ascension of the kidneys?

Answer 15

elongation of the embryo

Question 16

What is the ureter derived from?

Answer 16

mesonephric and metanephric (adults) ducts

Question 17

Where is bladder derived from?

Answer 17

hindgut endoderm

Question 18

Where is Trigone derived from

Answer 18

mesocerm

Question 19

3 regions of the urogenital sinus

Answer 19

vesicle
pelvis
phallic

Question 20

what does the vesicle part of the urogenital sinus give rise to?

Answer 20

bladder

Question 21

what does the pelvis part of the urogenital sinus give rise to?

Answer 21

urethra (f)

prostatic and membranous urethra (m)

Question 22

what does the phallic part of the urogenital sinus give rise to?

Answer 22

lining of vaginal vestibule (f)
spongy urethra (m)