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BRS 2 G: NEUROANATOMY > 2.0 Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

2.0 Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

PNS can be divided to

A

Somatic and autonomic nervous systems

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3
Q

Which nerves carry information towards the CNS

A

Sensory afferent

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4
Q

Which nerves carry information away from the CNS

A

Motor efferent

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5
Q

Somatic afferent nerves convey information from

A

Skin, skeletal muscle and joints

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6
Q

Somatic efferent nerves convey information to

A

Skeletal muscles

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7
Q

What is a dermatome

A

An area of skin SUPPLIED by a single spinal nerve.

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8
Q

Myotome

A

Group of muscles INNERVATED by a single spinal nerve

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9
Q

Viscera

A

Internal organs in main cavities of body

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10
Q

Visceral afferent nerves carry information from

A

The viscera - thoracic, abdominal and pelvic organs

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11
Q

Visceral efferent nerves can be divided into

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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12
Q

Sympathetic efferent nerves innervate

A

The viscera and periphery (vasculature and sweat glands)

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13
Q

Parasympathetic efferent nerves innervate

A

The viscera only

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14
Q

Ganglion

A

Collection of cell bodies outside the CNS

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15
Q

Nucleus

A

Collection of cell bodies inside the CNS

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16
Q

Plexus

A

Network of interconnecting nerves

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17
Q

Where are the cell bodies of all afferent (somatic and visceral) fibres

A

Spinal ganglia

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18
Q

Afferent fibres include

A

Somatic and visceral

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19
Q

Where do visceral efferent nerves synapse

A

Peripheral ganglion

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20
Q

Overview of pns splitting

A
  • afferent (sensory)- GVA and GSA
  • efferent (motor)- GVE(- sympathetic and parasympathetic) and GSE
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21
Q

How are peripheral nerves arranged

A

In fasciculi (bundles)

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22
Q

Peripheral nerve connective tissue layers

A

External vascular layer (epineurium)

Individual fascicles covered in perineurium

Individual axons covered in endoneurium

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23
Q

Classification of peripheral nerves

A

One system based on conduction velocity (motor and sensory)

One system based on axonal diameter (sensory only)

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24
Q

Conduction velocity classification system

A

Letters A,B,C (A fastest)

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25
Q

Axonal diameter classification system

A

Uses I-IV (I = largest diameter)

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26
Q

Sensory receptors function

A

Detect external or internal information

27
Q

How are sensory receptors classified

A

By source of stimulus
External (exteroreceptors e.g. pain, temp, touch, pressure)
Internal (proprioception e.g. movement, joint position) (enteroreceptors e.g. movement through gut, blood oh)

Or by mode of detection (chemoreceptors, photoreceptors, thermoreceptors, mechamoreceptors, nocireceptors)

28
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Defect molecules which bind to receptor e.g. in olfactory bulb

29
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Detect light in retina

30
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Detect temperature in skin

31
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Mechanical opening of ion channels e.g. touch receptors in skim

32
Q

Nocireceptors

A

Detect tissue damage- interpreted as pain

33
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Internal

Muscle spindles - detect change in muscle length
Golgi tendon organs - detect change in tension in tendons
Joint receptors - found in joint capsules detect start and end of movement

34
Q

What is a neuromuscular junction

A

Specialised synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fibre

35
Q

Motor unit

A

A single motor neuron with all the muscle fibres that it innervates

Smallest functions, unit which produces force

36
Q

Reflex action

A

Involuntary coordinated pattern of muscle contraction and relaxation elicited by peripheral stimuli

37
Q

Autonomic nervous system parts

A

Visceral afferent and efferent

38
Q

Efferent part of autonomic nervous systems divisions

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

39
Q

At pre ganglionic synapses what is released

A

Ach

40
Q

What is released at post gangionic neurons

A

Noradrenaline or Ach

41
Q

somatic nerves

A

somatic afferent convey info FROM skin, skeletal muscle and joints

somatic efferent convey info TO skeletal muscles

42
Q

dermatome

A

area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

43
Q

myotome

A

group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve

44
Q

visceral autonomic nerves

A

visceral afferent - carry info from the viscera

visceral efferent - PS innervate the viscera only, S innervate the viscera and periphery - carry info to

45
Q

viscera

A

thoracic abdominal and pelvic internal organs

46
Q

periphery

A

vasculature and sweat glands

47
Q

where are cell bodies of somatic afferent

A

spinal ganglia

48
Q

where are cell bodies of visceral afferent

A

spinal ganglia

49
Q

where are cell bodies of visceral efferent

A

peripheral ganglion

50
Q

arrangement of peripheral nerves

A

arranged in bundles called fasciculi

3 layers of CT
- epineurium: external vascular layer
- perineurium: cover individual fascicles
- endoneurium: cover individual axons

51
Q

classification of peripheral nerves

A
  1. conduction velocity (A, B, C : A fastest)
  2. axonal diameter (i->iv: i largest diameter)
52
Q

how are sensory receptors classified

A

source of stimulus (external, internal) or by mode of detection (type of receptor)

53
Q

external stimuli

A

enteroreceptors
- pain
- temp
- touch

54
Q

internal stimuli

A

proprioreceptors
- movement
- joint position

enteroreceptors
- movement through gut
- blood pH

55
Q

mode of detection of stimuli

A

type of receptor e.g.

chemoreceptors
photoreceptors
thermoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
nocireceptors

56
Q

chemoreceptors

A

detector molecules bind to receptor

57
Q

photoreceptors

A

detect light in retina

58
Q

thermoreceptors

A

detect temp in skin

59
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

mechanical opening of ion channels e.g. touch receptors in skin

60
Q

nocireceptors

A

detect tissue damage interpreted as pain

61
Q

proprioreceptors

A

internal source of stimulus

muscle spindles change in length

golgi tendon organs change tension with different weight

joint receptors detect start and end of movement

62
Q

motor unit

A

motor neuron combined with all muscle fibres it innervates

stimulation of one muscle fibre causes contraction of every muscle fibre in that unit

63
Q

reflex action

A

involuntary, coordinated pattern of muscle contraction and relaxation by peripheral stimuli

BRS 2 G: NEUROANATOMY (14 decks)

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