2021 Risk Factors COPY Flashcards

1
Q

A) What is the strongest risk factor for AA

B) List 5 other risk factors for AAA

A

A) Smoking

B)

  1. Age >65 years
  2. Male
  3. Hypertension
  4. Family history (first degree relative)
  5. Obesity
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2
Q

A) What is the most important risk factor for stroke?

B) List 5 other risk factors for stroke

A

A) Hypertension

B)

  1. Smoking
  2. Diabetes
  3. Atrial fibrillation
  4. Carotid artery disease
  5. Hyperlipidemia
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3
Q

A) What is the most important risk factor for ischemic heart disease

B) List 5 other risk factors for IHD

A

A) Smoking

B)

  1. Hypertension
  2. Diabetes mellitus
  3. Hyperlipidemia
  4. Physical inactivity
  5. Obesity
  6. Family history
  7. Age
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4
Q

A) What is the strongest risk factor for T2DM

B) List 5 other risk factors for T2DM

A

A) Central obesity/excess body fat

B)

  1. Smoking
  2. Hypertension
  3. Physical inactivity
  4. Family history
  5. Age
  6. Elevated triglycerides
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5
Q

A) List 6 non-modifiable risk factors for breast cancer

B) List 6 modifiable risk factors for breast cancer

A

A) Non-Modifiable

  1. Age
  2. Genetic mutations
  3. Early puberty & late menopause
  4. Dense breasts
  5. Previous radiation therapy
  6. Previous diethylstilbestrol use

B) Modifiable

  1. Physical inactivity
  2. Overweight/obese after menopause
  3. Ceratin HRT taken for >5 years
  4. First pregnancy >30 years
  5. Not breastfeeding
  6. Alcohol
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6
Q

A) List 6 non-modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer

B) LIst 6 modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer

A

A) Non-modifiable

  1. Age
  2. Personal history of certain types of polyps (adenomatous)
  3. Personal history of inflammatory bowel disease
  4. Family history of CRC
  5. Inherited syndrome (Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer or Familial adenomatous polyposis)
  6. Racial and ethnic background - African american or Ashkenazi Jews

B) Modifiable

  1. Alcohol
  2. Overweight/obese
  3. Diet high in processed or red meat
  4. physical inactivity
  5. Smoking
  6. Diet low in fibre
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7
Q

List 6 risk factors for cervical cancer

A
  1. Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV)
  2. Sexual activity with many sexual partners
  3. Smoking
  4. Giving birth many times
  5. Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
  6. History of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
  7. Oral contraceptives
  8. History of Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
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8
Q

A) List 3 risk factors with good evidence as a risk factor for prostate cancer

B) List 3 other possible risk factors for prostate cancer

A

A) Good evidence

  1. Age
  2. African ancestry
  3. Family history

B) Some evidence

  1. Obesity
  2. Smoking
  3. Diets high in dairy products and calcium
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9
Q

List 6 risk factors for lung cancer

A
  1. Smoking tobacco
  2. Radon exposure
  3. Asbestos exposure
  4. Exposure to outdoor air pollutants
  5. Radiation therapy exposure
  6. Arsenic in drinking water exposure
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10
Q

List 6 risk factors for depression

A
  1. Certain personality traits, such as low self-esteem and being too dependent, self-critical or pessimistic
  2. Traumatic or stressful events, such as physical or sexual abuse, the death or loss of a loved one, a difficult relationship, or financial problems
  3. Family history of depression, bipolar disorder, alcoholism or suicide
  4. Personal history of other mental health disorders, such as anxiety disorder, eating disorders or post-traumatic stress disorder
  5. Abuse of alcohol or recreational drugs
  6. Serious or chronic illness, including cancer, stroke, chronic pain or heart disease
  7. Certain medications, such as some high blood pressure medications or sleeping pills
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11
Q

A) List 6 risk factors for suicide

B) List 6 protective factors for suicide

A

A) Risk

  1. have a serious mental health and/or addiction problem
  2. have had a recent major loss (for example, the death of a loved one or a job loss)
  3. have a family history of suicide
  4. have made previous suicide attempts
  5. have a serious physical illness
  6. have an impulsive personality
  7. lack support from family or friends
  8. have access to weapons, medications or other lethal means of suicide.

B) Protective

  1. positive social supports
  2. a sense of responsibility for others, such as having children in the home or having pets
  3. positive coping skills
  4. a positive relationship with a medical or mental health provider
  5. self-efficacy (a person’s belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations)
  6. a religious belief that suicide is wrong.

https://www.camh.ca/en/health-info/mental-illness-and-addiction-index/suicide

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12
Q

A) List 6 risk factors for SIDS

B) List protective factors for SIDS

A
  1. Sleeping in prone position
  2. Maternal smoking during pregnancy
  3. Exposure to second hand smoke
  4. Bed sharing
  5. Sleeping on unsafe surfaces e.g. sofas, waterbeds, i.e. not firm
  6. Bedding, blankets, loose objects in sleep area/crib
  7. Overheating - layered clothing, blankets etc.

B) Protective

  1. Breastfeeding
  2. Room-sharing
  3. Firm sleep surface
  4. Uncluttered crib
  5. Appropriate clothing/sleep sack that is not too warm
  6. Avoid exposure to tobacco smoke/quit smoking
  7. Don’t use drugs/alcohol while caring for baby
  8. Always sleep on back
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13
Q

A) List 6 risk factors for teenage pregnancy

A
  1. Living in a single parent home
  2. Early sexual activity
  3. Early alcohol and drug use
  4. Living in a home with frequent family conflict
  5. Child of a mother who was a teen parent
  6. Low self-esteem
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14
Q

List 6 risk factors for ovarian cancer

A
  1. Increasing age - most ovarian cancers develop after menopause
  2. Overweight/obesity
  3. Nulliparity or first pregnancy after 35 years of age
  4. Tobacco smoking
  5. Personal history of breast cancer
  6. Sedentary behaviour
  7. Family history of ovarian cancer
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15
Q

List 6 risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease

A
  1. Increasing age
  2. Personal history of head trauma
  3. Family history
  4. Down syndrome
  5. Mild cognitive impairment
  6. Excessive alcohol consumption
  7. Lack of exercise
  8. Obesity
  9. Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke
  10. High blood pressure
  11. High cholesterol
  12. Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes
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16
Q

A) List 3 non-modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis

B) List 3 modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis

A

A)

  1. Family history of osteoporosis
  2. Being small-framed and thin
  3. Being of European and Asian ancestry

B)

  1. Smoking tobacco
  2. Excessive alcohol consumption
  3. Diet poor in vitamin D or calcium