Chapter 22

Question 1

anabolism

Answer 1

build

Question 2

catabolism

Answer 2

breakdown for energy

Question 3

? produces free fatty acids and monoacylglycerols from triacylglycerols

Answer 3

pancreatic lipases

Question 4

three steps of Triglyceride catabolism

Answer 4

mobilize and degrade to fatty acids. activate and transport to mitochondria. turn into acetyl CoA.

Question 5

catabolism of fatty acid signalling by glucagon

Answer 5

bind 7TM receptor. Active/phosphorylated G-protein. Active adenylate cyclase. Formation of cAMP from ATP Activates PKA. PKA activated Perilipin and HS lipase. Activated/phosphorylated Perilipin Releases ATGL cofactor. ATGL makes DAG from TAG. ctivated/phosphorylated HS lipase makes MAG from DAG.

Question 6

Fatty acids are transported in blood by ?

Answer 6

serum albumin

Question 7

fat cells release TAGs as glycerol and fatty acids. glycerol goes to liver cells where it can ?

Answer 7

undergo glycolysis to pyruvate or gluconeogenesis to glucose

Question 8

glycerol entry into glycolytic pathway

Answer 8

glycerol kinase makes glycerol 3-P. glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase makes DHAP

Question 9

? activates carboxyl group of fatty acid

Answer 9

Acyl CoA synthetase

Question 10

activation of fatty acids occurs where?

Answer 10

on the outside of the mitochondria

Question 11

how are activated fatty acids transported into mitochondrial matrix

Answer 11

acyl group of CoA is transported onto carnitine. acyl carnitine crosses membrane. acyl group transferred back onto CoA.

Question 12

fatty acids are degrade using ? pathway

Answer 12

beta-oxidation

Question 13

4 steps of beta-oxidation

Answer 13

1) oxidation using FAD 2) Hydration 3) Oxidation using NAD+ 4) Thiolysis releases Acyl CoA

Question 14

C16 undergoes ? cycles of beta oxidation

Answer 14

7

Question 15

10 beta oxidation cylces generates

Answer 15

10 FADH2, 10 NADH, and 11 acetyl CoA

Question 16

? used for cis bonds in fatty acids to generate trans bonds

Answer 16

isomerases

Question 17

odd chain fatty acids are catabolized to ?

Answer 17

propionyl CoA then to succinate

Question 18

propionyl CoA carboxylase uses ? to add CO2

Answer 18

biotin

Question 19

in propionyl CoA conversion to succinate, mathylmalonal mutase uses ? to move methyl group

Answer 19

B12

Question 20

very long chain fatty acids are catabolized where?

Answer 20

peroxisomes

Question 21

difference in peroxisome fatty acid degradation

Answer 21

FADH2 is oxidized by O2

Question 22

Acetyl CoA can only enter TCA cycle with sufficient ?

Answer 22

OAA

Question 23

when there is not enough OAA, Acetyl CoA is used to produce

Answer 23

ketone bodies

Question 24

ketone body production

Answer 24

2 acetyl CoA > acetoacetyl CoA > HMG > acetoacetate > acetone + hydroxybutyrate

Question 25

Fatty acid synthesis takes place where?

Answer 25

cytoplasm

Question 26

fatty acids synthesis uses nadph/nadh?

Answer 26

Nadph

Question 27

commitment step of fatty acid synthesis

Answer 27

activation of acetyl CoA by Acetyl CoA carboxylase to form Malonyl CoA

Question 28

Acetyl CoA carboxylase uses? and ? to from an activated CO2

Answer 28

biotin and ATP

Question 29

Acetyl CoA ad malyonyl CoA are transferred to ? by transacetylase

Answer 29

ACP

Question 30

synthesis of C16 requires

Answer 30

8 Acetyl CoA + 7 ATP + 14 NADPH

Question 31

Used to transport acetyl CoA into cytoplasm for fatty acid synthesis

Answer 31

citrate-malate-pyruvate shuttle

Question 32

citrate-malate-pyruvate shuttle mechanism

Answer 32

OAA picks up acetyl to form citrate. citrate transported to cytoplasm. Citrate depostis acetyl group on CoA to form acetyl CoA and OAA. OAA forms malate then pyruvate which is transferredback to mitochondria.