2.1 Development Dynamics - Indicators

Question 1

What are the different types of development indicators/ measures?

Answer 1

• Economic
• Social
• Political
• Environmental
• Composite
  etc.

Question 2

What is GDP per capita? What does it show?

Answer 2

• Gross Domestic product per person
  -Total values of the goods and services of a country divided by the population
• Allows a comparison between nations, but doesn’t show the distribution of wealth or take informal economy into account

Question 3

What is GNI? What does it show?

Answer 3

• Gross National Income
• Total value of goods and services (GDP) taking wealth made outside of the country into account

Question 4

What is PPP? What does it show?

Answer 4

• Purchasing power parity
• Total value of goods and services taking wealth made outside of the country into account (GNI), taking living cost variations into account
• (1 dollar in India buys more that 1 dollar in the US)

Question 5

What is the Gini Coefficient?

Answer 5

• Shows the inequality within distribution of wealth
• from 0-1: 0 means no inequality (everyone has same income)
• 1 means a single person has all the GDP

Question 6

Name some economic development indicators.

Answer 6

GDP, GNI, PPP, Gini Coefficient

Question 7

Name a political development indicator, and state what it shows.

Answer 7

Corruption perception index (CPI) - from 0 (corrupt) to 100 (clean)

Question 8

Name some social development indicators.

Answer 8

Literacy rates, fertility rates, infant mortality rates

Question 9

Name a composite development indicator and what it shows.

Answer 9

• HDI (Human development index)
• takes life expectancy, education and income into account
• classes countries into 4 levels of human development

Question 10

Name 4 demographic indicators of development?

Answer 10

• Maternal/Infant mortality rates
  -fertility rates
  -death rates
  -population structures

Question 11

Define Maternal Mortality rates.

Answer 11

The average number of women dying in childbirth.

Question 12

Define infant mortality rates.

Answer 12

The number of children who die before their first birthday.

Question 13

Define Death rates.

Answer 13

The number of deaths per 1000 people yearly.

Question 14

What do population pyramid structures show?

Answer 14

• The ratio of female: males
• The spread of the population (if the population is top-heavy is it greying) etc.

Question 15

What does the population pyramid structure look like for developing, emerging and developed countries?

Answer 15

Developing: bottom heavy, high birth rates, low life expectancy, high death rates
Emerging: bottom-middle heavy, lower birth rates, higher life expectancy, lower death rates
Developed: middle heavy, low birth rates, high life expectancy, low death rates