2.1 Nucleic Acids Flashcards
The pentose sugar in DNA is?
Deoxyribose
The pentose sugar in RNA is?
Ribose
What are mono nucleotides made of?
Pentose sugar
Nitrogen base
Phosphate group
What are the two types of nitrogen containing bases found in nucleic acids?
Purines
Pyrimidines
What is the enzyme that causes the two strands to break apart in DNA?
Helicase enzyme
Where does translation happen?
Cell surface of ribosomes
What is a codon?
A sequence of base pairs on the DNA or RNA is known as a codon.
What is a gene?
Usually defined as a sequence of bases on a DNA molecule coding for a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
What is a mutation?
If a single codon is changed or misread during the process then the amino acid for which it codes may be different and so the whole polypeptide chain and indeed the final protein may be altered.
What is a catalyst?
A substance that speeds up a reaction without changing the substance produced and it is left unchanged at the end of the reaction.
Enzymes that work inside the cells are called?
Intercellular enzymes
How do enzymes work?
To lower activation energy and catalyst a reaction enzymes from a complex with the substrate or substrates of the reaction.
Lock and key hypothesis?
In protein structure of an enzyme there is an area called an active site which and a very specific shape. Only one substrate will fit into this area.
Induced fit hypothesis?
Once the substrate enters the active site the shape of that site is modified around it to form the active complex.
What do statins do?
Lower blood cholesterol levels. They block then enzyme in the liver than is responsible for making cholesterol and area specially effective at blocking the production of LDL’s.
