Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mod 1 Transition to RN > Chap 1 > Flashcards

Chap 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NCLEX-RN® flashcards
1
Q

Greek Culture

A
  • medicine and spirituality
  • worship Gods
  • wet nurses
    Asklepios - son of Apollo; a healer;
    Hygeia & Panacea - daughter of Asklepios; goddess of Heath
    Iatria - outpatient clinics
    Hippocrates - father of modern medicine
    Hippocratic Oath - do no harm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ebers papyrus

A
  • Egypt

- contains prescriptions written in hieratic script

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Imhotep

A
  • priest-physician

- egyptian god of medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Egyptian Culture

A
  • temples built to worship
  • personal cleanliness and care of body after death
  • afterlife
  • early form of midwifery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Babylonian Culture

A
  • disease believed as punishment for sin
  • importance of medicine and surgery
    Hammurabi Code - managed health care
    Wet nurses - hired to suckle other women’s infant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hebrew Culture

A
  • spiritual and foundational to health
  • disease as punishment for wrongdoing
  • Adam & Eve
  • considered God’s children
    Xenodochia - houses for strangers; precursors of the modern in and hospitals
    Mosaic Law - Mosaic Code
    Yahweh - creator
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Roman Culture

A
  • abundance of Gods and Goddesses
  • borrowed heavily from Greek
  • well-developed focused on public health issues & personal hygiene
  • military hospitals were numerous
    Febris - goddess who could reduce fevers
    Galen - physician and surgeon; written knowledge about the physiology of the human body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Phoebe

A
  • greek origin
  • first deaconesses
  • first visiting nurse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Widows

A
  • modern visiting nurse
  • home health nursing
  • over 60 yrs old
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Monasticism Movement

A
  • sisters or nuns
  • brothers or monks
  • the seeds of hospital nursing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fabiola

A
  • Roman Matron
  • first free Christian public hospital
  • engaged in nursing care and dressing of wounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Helena

A
  • used her wealth to care for the poor

- established a hospital for the elderly GERONCOMION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Xenodocheion

A

christian hospitals, inns for strangers and travelers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Middle Ages

A
  • AD 500
  • Dark Ages; superstition and magic
  • advances in fields of medicine and preventive health care
  • urbanization increased
  • communicable diseases spread (cholera, leprosy, etc)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Knights Hospitallers of St John of Jerusalem

A

male nursing military order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Knights of St Lazarus

A

cared specifically for people with leprosy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Catherine of Siena

A

organized an early form of ambulance service that consisted of male stretcher bearers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hildegarde of Bingen

A
  • trained noblewomen to care for sick in her abbey

- wrote extensively about the causes, symptoms and cures for various diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Renaissance

A
  • new era; rebirth
  • printing press was developed
  • common people becoming more literate
  • scientific knowledge, including medical science expanded rapidly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Martin Luther

A
  • former monk
  • sparked movement as the Reformation
  • ushered in the formation of the Lutheran Church and many other churches; Protestant
  • protest against abuses of the Catholic Churches
  • disagreed with a number of doctrinal beliefs
  • nuns and monks lost their positions in hospitals
  • acute shortage on nursing care
  • Dark ages of Nursing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sisters of Charity

A
  • an order of single young women

- founded by St Vincent de Paul

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

St Vincent de Paul

A
  • french catholic priest
  • founded organizations dedicated to serving the people and helping them find employment equivalent to visiting nurses and social service workers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Granger Westberg

A
  • lutheran minister

- focuses on nursing as a service or a call from God to meet health needs in nurse’s churches and communities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Industrial Revolution

A
  • scientific progress
  • monumental problems related to the economy and health
  • people work with machinery
  • overcrowded living and working conditions
  • poor sanitation and inadequate ventilation
  • contributed to ill health
  • epidemics
  • homeless orphans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Sairey Gamp

A
  • a private duty home care nurse
  • prototype of nurses of the era
  • alcoholic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Elizabeth Seton

A
  • established Sisters of Charity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Catherine MacAuley

A
  • founded the Sisters of Mercy
  • cared for the wounded during the American Civil War
  • established hospitals and homes for unwed mothers and provided care for orphans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Revolutionary War

A
  • when English colonies fought for the British for independence
  • Washington ordered that women be employed to perform single nursing duties for the wounded soldiers
  • wives followed their husbands to the battlefield and provided them with nursing care
29
Q

Crimean War

A
  • Florence Nightingale - nursing leader associated and is also considered the founder of modern professional nursing
  • england and france were helping to protect turkey from russian invasion on the crimean peninsula in the black sea
30
Q

Florence Nightingale

A
  • believed she was called to was caring for the sick
  • superintendent of the establishment for Gentlewomen During Illness, facility in london that was a shelter for homeless women and provided nursing care for governess who are ill
  • address issues of sanitation and nutrition in addition to wound care
  • devoted to writing about nursing and to focusing on the larger scope of public health issues.
31
Q

Theodor Fliedner & Friederike Fliedner

A
  • established a school and hospital of instruction called the KAISERSWERTH DEACONESS INSTITUTE with a 3-year course of study for protestant deaconess
32
Q

Sir Sidney Hebert

A
  • british secretary of war

- asked Nightingale for help to be the superintendent of nurses who would serve the war effort in turkey

33
Q

Nightingale Training School for Nurses

A
  • st thomas’s hospital in london, england

- an independent secular school of nursing that was unaffiliated with any religious body

34
Q

Civil War

A
  • acute need for nurses and a more formal and organized health care delivery system
  • various women engaged in some type of nursing duty in a variey fo makeshift hospitals that included churches, schools, and tents.
35
Q

Catholic Sisters of Mercy

A
  • worked on the first hospital ship

- first navy nurses

36
Q

International Red Cross

A
  • formalization was led by Geneva Convention Treaty
  • 19th century movement
  • vision by Jean Henri Dunant of Switzerland
  • 7 universal ideals associated: humanity, impartiality, neutrality, independence, voluntary service, unity and universality
37
Q

Jean Henri Dunant

A
  • moved by the suffering and lack of medical care at a battlefield site in Italy
  • engaged in a mission that used volunteer help in every country to aid in war relief efforts
38
Q

Geneva Convention Treaty

A
  • signed by representatives of 12 nations

- military hospitals were to be considered safe havens

39
Q

Clara Barton

A
  • founding of the American Association of the Red Cross
  • teacher by profession
  • organized a relief program for the 6th Massachusetts Regiment during Civil War
  • supervised the shipment of medical supplies for the Union Soldiers
  • advertised for donations
  • no formal nursing education
  • became the Superintendent of nurses of The Army of the James
  • established an information center that helped people locate missing soldiers
  • successfully lobbied for inclusion of the United States in the Red Cross
  • first American President of the Red Cross
  • funded by private citizens rather than the government
40
Q

Dorothea Lynde Dix

A
  • responsible for major reform in the prison and treatment of the mentally ill
  • a teacher; owns a school in Ma and took special interest in education for poor children
  • impressed the need for medical diagnosis prior to hospitalization
  • served in the Civil War as volunteer nurse
  • Superintendent of the female nurses of the Union Army
  • organized the first US Army Nurse Corps
  • insisted that nurse volunteers be at least 35 yo, be very plain-looking women, dress in brown or black, wear no bows, curls, jewelry or hoop skirts. Wages were food and 40c a day.
41
Q

Sojourner Truth

A
  • african american, birth name Isabella Baumfree; born a slave
  • best known for her role as an abolitionist during Civil War, her role in the women’s suffrage movement, and her care for Union soldiers
  • appointed as a counselor by the National Freedman’s Relief Association in 1864
  • worked in the Freedman’s Village in Arlington Heights, Va where she counseled women after the war
  • duties included nursing african american soldiers and training other women who functioned in nursing roles by performing duties such as wound care and bed making
42
Q

Harriet Tubman

A
  • black abolitionist
  • best known for her work in the Undergound Railroad Movement
  • gain freedom to over 300 slaves
  • matron at the Colored Hospital in Va
43
Q

Melinda Ann Richards

A
  • america’s first trained nurse
  • first of the five students enrolled in nursing program
  • superintendent of the Boston Training School
  • served as a missionary in Japan
44
Q

New England Hospital for women and children

A

the first school of nursing in America that was based on the principles of Kaiserswerth

45
Q

Lilian D Wald

A
  • graduate of the New York Hospital Training School for Nurses
  • the first president of the National Organization for Public Health Nursing
  • influences in securing low-cost housing for people
  • instituting school lunch programs in NY public school system
  • advocated for nurses in public schools
46
Q

Visiting Nurses

A
  • established the first public health by Lilian Wald, Mary Brewster and a colleague in their own home on the upper floor of a tenement located in the Lower East Side of Manhattan in NYC
47
Q

Henry Street Settlement

A
  • used to be called Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service
  • staffed by both nurses and social workers
  • the present-day Visiting Nurse Service
48
Q

National Organization for Public Health Nursing

A
  • focused on the need for preventive health measures like improved sanitation and attention to personal hygiene
  • responsible for developing standards for public health nursing and setting up public health courses for nurses in baccalaureate schools in nursing
49
Q

Lina L Rogers

A
  • a nurse

- the first public school nurse in NYC

50
Q

Mary Breckinridge

A
  • founded the Frontier Nursing Service, a private charitable organization in the rural of Appalachian Mountain region of eastern Kentucky
  • riding in horseback to visit patients in their homes
  • certified as a Nurse Midwife
  • observed the system of decentralized health care that would become the model for the FNS
51
Q

Margaret Sanger

A
  • worked with poor women in Lower East Side of NY
  • dedicate herself to the distribution of birth control information
  • founder of the Planned Parenthood Federation
  • established the first birth control clinic
  • helped organize the first World Population Conference in Geneva
52
Q

Comstock Act of 1873

A

forbade both the dissemination of birth control information and the distribution of birth control devices

53
Q

Lavinia Dock

A
  • greatly influenced the current movement of Independent Nursing Practice that now includes the expanded role of the nurse as clinical specialist and as nurse practitioner
  • prominent nurse suffragette
54
Q

Mary Eliza Mahoney

A
  • first black nurse to graduate from a school of nursing in the US
  • influential in the establishment of the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses (NACGN)
  • first women in Boston to register to vote after the ratification of the 19th Amendment
  • NACGN is no longer in active organization
55
Q

National Black Nurses Association

A
  • founded to respond to inequities in health care for African Americans
  • to promote the active and collective involvement of black nurses in advocating for health care needs
  • help improve the quality of life for African American as well as for other racial and ethnic groups
56
Q

Isabel Hampton Robb

A
  • influential leader in the field of nursing education
  • superintendent of nursing at the Illinois Training School for Nurses at Cook County Hospital in Chicago
  • established the first grading policy in a nursing school
  • while at John Hopkins, she extended the nursing program from 2 to 3 years and shortened work hours for nurses.
  • member of American Journal of Nursing
  • founder of the International Council of Nurses
  • President of the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses (now the National League for Nursing)
  • President of the Nurses Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada (now the American Nurses Association)
57
Q

Luther Christman

A
  • RN and a founder of the American Assembly for Men in Nursing (AAMN)
  • trained at the Pennsylvania Hospital School of Nursing for men
  • served as a nurse in the US Maritime Service in World War II
  • turned down as an emergency nurse on the front lines
  • first male to hold position of dean in an American Nursing school in Vanderbuilt University in Nashville, Tennessee
  • known for the original Unification Model
  • founder of National Student Nurses Association
58
Q

American Assembly for Men in Nursing (AAMN)

A
  • purpose is to provide a forum for nurses to discuss and influence factors that affect men as nurses
  • objectives include encouraging men of all ages to become nurses, supporting men in nursing to develop professionally, and advocating research, education, and the dissemination of information about men’s health issues at local and national levels
59
Q

Unification Model

A
  • stresses the need for clinically prepared faculty and for clinical competence among students pursuing advanced degrees
  • a focus on research for students in master’s and doctoral programs
60
Q

Rush Model for Nursing

A
  • introduced by Luther Christman

- stresses a faculty focused around expert clinical nurses, physician-nurse teams, quality assurance and research

61
Q

World War I

A
  • began when archduke of Austria and his wife were assassinated in Serbia
  • European nations declared war
  • acute demand for nurses
  • Red Cross sent over 20,000 nurses to Europe and Asia
  • Army School of Nursing is established
    Annie Goodrich - became the dean of this nursing school; advocated for university-prepared practicing nurses, nurse educators, and nurse administrators
  • both public and politicians realized the valuable contributions that nurses made to the war effort
62
Q

World War II

A
  • US entered WWII after an attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan
  • war begun when Germany invaded Austria and Poland, and Great Britain and France declared war on Germany
  • declared an acute nursing shortage on the US home front
  • flight nursing developed, serves as members of the Army Nurse Corps and tended the wounded on cargo planes that served as air ambulances
  • many hospitals forced to close due to staffing shortage
  • US Cadet Nurse Corps established due to nursing shortage; an official part of the Army
  • standards in education were improved due to federal requirements for funding
  • black students were heavily recruited and then served in the navy and army
  • nurses received monetary compensation equal to that of a fully commissioned officer
  • growth in nursing popularity, major advances in nursing as a profession occured
63
Q

Bolton Act

A
  • the nurse training act of 1943
  • influenced by a philantrophist, Ohio congresswoman and healthcare reformer Frances Payne Bolton
  • nursing shools received federal funds for undergraduate baccalaureate education through government scholarships
  • WWII
  • barred institutions from discriminating on the basis of race or creed
64
Q

Health Amendment Act

A
  • WWII
  • funds were provided for nurses to pursue advanced preparation for administrative, supervisory, and teaching positions
  • practical and vocational nurse programs were expanded
65
Q

Korean War

A
  • north korea invaded south korea
  • acute nursing shortage
  • many nurses left active practice to marry and to raise children and never returned to active nursing workforce for reasons including low salaries and inflexible scheduling
  • Army nurses were the first american to be dispatched with the armed forces to combat zones
  • established Air Force Nurse Corps to assist in the air evacuation of battle casualties
  • Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals (MASH) movable hospitals on the front lines
66
Q

Vietnam War

A
  • north and south vietnam at war with southeast asia
  • difficulty in recruiting nurses because war was very unpopular
  • helicopters used extensively
  • technology has advanced
  • emergency procedures that required triage nursing
  • higher level of nursing skill
  • nurses set up clinics to treat children who suffered from many diseases endemic to tropical climates
  • nurses delivered babies and taught hygiene and simple first aid to adults
67
Q

Nurse Training Act of 1964

A
  • vietnam war

- made funding available for nursing programs that were either accredited by the National League for Nursing

68
Q

Persian Gulf War

A
  • 1991
  • 42 day limited war that the US enters after Iraq invaded Kuwait
  • some veterans has experienced a mysterious complex of symptoms known as the Gulf War syndrome
  • exposure to chemical weapons
69
Q

War on Terrrorism

A
  • nursing books were sent to the Baghdad University College of Nursing
  • nurses work in small tent hospitals that include med-surg ward, ICU, OR

Mod 1 Transition to RN (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions